In 1861, after growing a mustache following the infamous McCanles incident, and with some encouragement from himself, he was to become known by the nickname he is most famous for, "Wild Bill.". The legend of Wild Bill has only grown since his death in 1876, when cowardly Jack McCall famously put a bullet through the back of his head during a card game. ", "James Butler Hickok May 27 1837 - August 2 1876 Better known as "Wild Bill" Hickok", "James Butler 'Wild Bill' Hickok, Early Deadwood", "Nebraska Legends: Rock Creek Station and the McCanles Massacre", "Chronology on Life of James Butler HICKOK, Wild Bill Hickok, Old West Kansas", "Rock Creek Station State Historical Park", "Legal Culture, Wild Bill Hickok and the Gunslinger Myth", "Myths and Realities of Frontier Violence: A Look at the Gunfighter Saga", "Frontier Hero - Reminiscences of Wild Bill Hickok by his old Friend Buffalo Bill", "The State Journal (Jefferson City, Mo. In 1857, Hickok claimed a 160-acre (65ha) tract in Johnson County, Kansas, near present-day Lenexa. Lorenzo, and brother James, decided to take a hand,in the matter, and prevented any harm coming to the young man. At this time McCanles was the leader of a local "gang" that considered themselves "desperadoes". [58] Jane confirmed this account in an 1896 newspaper interview, although she claimed she had been hospitalized with illness rather than in the guardhouse. In truth, he seems to have been afflicted with trachoma, a common vision disorder of the time. 3:52. . In actuality, this kind of thing very rarely occurred, and the true life Western storieslike Wild Bill Hickok being shot in the back while playing cardstell a much more gruesome and less gallant tale. [77][78] A print of the film is maintained in the Museum of Modern Art film archive.[79]. A monument has since been built there. There is no doubt that Hickok was a fearless and deadly fighting man, equally at home with a rifle, revolver, or knife. "[27], While in Springfield, Hickok and a local gambler named Davis Tutt had several disagreements over unpaid gambling debts and their common affection for the same women. No one was allowed to get too near. [62][63] Hickok may have told his friend Charlie Utter and others who were traveling with them that he thought he would be killed while in Deadwood. In quick succession, Hickok was said to have then killed five members of McCanless gang and knocked out another before three more gang members threw him down on a bed, only to be bested in hand-to-hand combat by the knife-wielding Hickok. It is now time to deal with a myth that has plagued Hickok's memory and his legend. While doing a gig, mowing the lawn of a Hickok family member, original Wild Bill Hickok memorabilia and family stories were thrust upon him in lieu of cash payment, and he has forever since been a collector. This time with the group of actors recruited by the famous Buffalo Bill. [69] In 1979, Hickok was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame. Hickok was not a 20th century lawman. In June, Hickok mustered out and went to Springfield, where he gambled. It was apparent that his marksmanship and health had been suffering for some time, as he had been arrested several times for vagrancy, despite earning a good income from gambling and displays of showmanship only a few years earlier. He wrote, "Agnes darling, if such should be we never meet again, while firing my last shot, I will gently breathe the name of my wife, Agnes, and with wishes even for my enemies I will make the plunge and try to swim to the other shore." In through the back door walked a cowardly little man named "Jack McCall". It was at this time that Hickok came across a bear blocking a road, an encounter that would become part of the lore surrounding him: Hickok shot the bear, which only angered it, and a struggle ensued, during which Hickok used a knife to slit the bears throat, but not before he was nearly crushed to death. Legend has it that Hickok had lost his stake and had just borrowed $50 from the house to continue playing. This gave all the advantage to the buffalo. He was assigned Buffalo Bill Cody, a sergeant, and five privates. His reputation as a gunfighter gave rise to legends and tales about his life. Reported claims of her having had a relationship with Him would have produced laughter, if spoken during his lifetime, or in front of family or friends. After his execution it was determined that McCall had never had a brother. Almost the entire town attended the funeral, and Utter had Hickok buried with a wooden grave marker reading: "Wild Bill, J. It has been reported that Calamity Jane was buried next to him because that was her dying wish. The letters describe the adventures of the Hickok children (including Wild Bill) in California, Kansas, Missouri and elsewhere, and their parents and family in Troy Grove, Illinois. This is the first known time he was referred to as "William". I will be." Springfield Missouri, and another date with destiny was where he headed next. This would be the first recorded time he assumed the office of a law enforcement officer. Brink, were tried for killing McCanles, but were found to have acted in self-defense. This incident added to his fame as a gunslinger, which skyrocketed when journalist and later explorer Sir Henry Morton Stanley reported as fact in the New York Herald in 1867 Hickoks exaggerated claim that he had killed 100 men. James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok was a legendary gunfighter and law man in the American Wild West. Agnes Lake and James Butler Hickok were finally married on March 5th, 1876. [2], According to the accepted account, the dispute came to a head when Tutt was coaching an opponent of Hickok's during a card game. He is now at Yankton, D.T. She recalled how Hickok loved little children, and especially how tenderly he treated her. awaiting execution. Also in 1995, he's depicted as a character in an episode of Legend (TV series) by William Russ, possibly most famous for his role in Wiseguy (TV series). His exploits as a gunfighter, scout, and lawman were legendary and he became the topic of many fictionalized accounts. Together, they would produce their first child, Oliver Hickok, who was born in May 1830. Due to his "sweeping nose and protruding upper lip," Hickok was nicknamed "Duck Bill." Whether or not Coe had actually made the statement, and Hickok answered as reported, is disputable but it certainly personified the reputation Wild Bill accrued. This Smith & Wesson Model No. They refused, so Hickok altered it himself. Hickok moved to Leavenworth in the Kansas Territory, where he joined Jim Lane's Free State Army (also known as the Jayhawkers), an antislavery vigilante group active in the new territory during the Bleeding Kansas era. At the end of the trial, Judge Sempronius Boyd gave the jury two contradictory instructions. After Hickok left Springfield it is told he was appointed deputy United States Marshal, in Fort Riley Kansas. This was a good sized family for the frontier, and reflects the character and strength of the family. It is reported that he joined the "army" of General Jim Lane, one of the Kansas Free Staters, eventually becoming the personal bodyguard of General Lane. Many characters in Western novels are fashioned after Hickok. A Lew McCall is known to have been killed by a lawman in Abilene, but it is unknown if he was related, and the name of the lawman was not recorded. The sad, but true, ending to this story is that in the 1940's a woman named Martha Dewey came forth. McCall claimed at the resulting two-hour trial (by a motley group of assembled miners and businessmen) that he was avenging Hickok's earlier slaying of his brother. Tutt stated that he would now accept no less than $45, but both agreed that they would not fight over it and went for a drink together. Hickoks father moved his family from Vermont to Maine to Homer (now Troy Grove), Illinois. Citizens warned Mulvey to behave, because Hickok was sheriff. It is recorded that before "Buffalo Bill" developed his "Wild West show, others had attempted similar productions. Unknown to most, Bill Hickok was one of the earliest champions of equal rights for blacks during the latter days of slavery. A collection of fifty-six letters from the family of James Butler ("Wild Bill") Hickok. He told Clemmons (Hardin) to stay out of trouble in Abilene and asked him to hand over his guns, and Hardin complied. [40]:196, In September 1869, his first month as sheriff, Hickok killed two men. The Bull's Head Saloon in Abilene had been established by gambler Ben Thompson and Coe, his partner, businessman, and fellow gambler. Wild Bill Hickok, byname of James Butler Hickok, (born May 27, 1837, Homer [now Troy Grove], Illinois, U.S.died August 2, 1876, Deadwood, Dakota Territory [now in South Dakota, U.S.]), American frontiersman, army scout, and lawman who helped bring order to the frontier West. Hardin says that he backed Hickok down using a maneuver called the "road agents spin". "Wild Bill" Hickok, one of the greatest gunfighters of the American West, is murdered in Deadwood, South Dakota. (2) On March 5, 1876, Bill married Agnes Thatcher Lake, the owner of a circus in Cheyenne, Wyoming. He was released on $2,000 bail and stood trial on August 3, 1865. She said he had boasted of his going to "clean up on the people at the station". ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1982). He had sons named Samuel Hickox (1643-1695) and Joseph (1645-1687). Hickok remains a popular figure of frontier history. Witnesses confirm that while scouting from Fort Harker Kansas on May 11, 1867, Hickok was attacked by a large group of Indians, who fled after Hickok shot and killed two. A vile a character as I ever met for some cause Wild Bill incurred Coes hatred and he vowed to secure the death of the Marshall. He would put a list on what was called the "dead man's tree" (so called because men had been lynched on it) while constable of Monticello Township. [citation needed], Leander Richardson, a reporter, interviewed McCall shortly before his execution, and wrote an article about him for the April 1877 issue of Scribner's Monthly. Hickok continued his duties hunting horse thieves and illegal woodcutters, for the Army. When Varnes could not be found, McCall then implicated Tim Brady in the plot. He then drew his revolvers, fired over the heads of the mob, and stated he would shoot the first man to move. Many historic sites and monuments commemorate his life, and he has been depicted numerous times in literature, film, and television. Outlaw. (ILFEBRUARY, BILL. [41] In 1979 Hickok was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame. [citation needed] Although he was just 39, his marksmanship and health were apparently in decline, and he had been arrested several times for vagrancy,[53] despite earning a good income from gambling and displays of showmanship only a few years earlier. "[18] He proved to be a terrible actor and returned to the West, where he ran for sheriff in Ellsworth County, Kansas, on November 5, 1867, but was defeated by former soldier E.W. She died on August 3, 1655 in Farmington. After Hardin left town he and Hickok did not meet again. ", Nichols, George Ward (1867). The Barnett show eventually proved to be a financial disaster, causing Mr. Barnett serious monetary problems. [5] William Hickok died in 1852, when James was 15. According to the story, Hickok placed himself between the crowd and their intended victim. [47] Potato Creek Johnny, a local Deadwood celebrity from the late 1800s and early 1900s, is also buried next to Wild Bill. By the end of 1861, he was a wagon master, but in September 1862, he was discharged for unknown reasons. Famous descendants for Mayflower pilgrim Francis Cooke (1583-1663). Hickok was originally buried in the Ingelside Cemetery, Deadwood's original graveyard. [f], The regular county election was held on November 2, 1869. In 1876, Hickok was diagnosed by a doctor in Kansas City, Missouri, with glaucoma and ophthalmia, a condition that was widely rumored at the time by Hickok's detractors to be the result of various sexually transmitted diseases. 10 in Deadwood, in the Black Hills, Dakota Territory. ", McCall was hanged on 1 March 1877 and buried in the Roman Catholic cemetery. Among his legendary exploits, he reportedly killed a bear in hand-to-hand combat armed with only a bowie knife. Almost the entire town attended the funeral, and Utter had Hickok buried with a wooden grave marker reading: Wild Bill, J. "Dead man's hand"Owing to the number of poker players who died during disputes, Dead man's hand was already established poker idiom for a number of a different hands long before Hickok died. Dziki Bill Hickok, waciwie James Butler Hickok (ur.27 maja 1837 w Homer, obecnie Troy Grove w stanie Illinois; zm. In 1886, ten years after Hickok's death, the Dead man's hand was explained as being three Jacks and a pair of Tens in a North Dakota newspaper which attributed the term to a specific game held in Illinois 40 years earlier, indicating that Hickok's hand had yet to gain widespread popularity. Di Certo is the author of ten books and composer of three albums of children's songs. He died in 1917 at the age of 70 in Denver, Colorado. The entire mob instantly suffered from an inability to move forward, and gradually the crowd dispersed. This story is considered to be apocryphal or at the very least an exaggeration, as Hardin claimed this at a time when Hickok couldn't defend himself. Pard, we will meet again in the happy hunting ground to part no more. It is a loose adaptation of Hickok's life, ending with his famous aces-and-eights card hand. However, the Columbia Broadcasting System got interested in the claim and broadcasted it on a program known as "We the People". [66] McCall was acquitted of the murder, which prompted editorializing in the Black Hills Pioneer: "Should it ever be our misfortune to kill a man we would simply ask that our trial may take place in some of the mining camps of these hills." Strange, because never in the twenty-seven years she outlived Hickok did she ever voice such a desire. ", DeMattos, Jack (1980). He was released on $2,000 bail and stood trial on August 3, 1865. According to Joseph G. Rosa, Hickok's biographer and the foremost authority on Wild Bill, Hickok killed only six or seven men in gunfights. Handgunner). They would learn that the new Marshal was of iron will, expert with guns, fearless in the performance of his duties, and possessed of a well earned reputation as a killer of men when necessary. M Child 5: James Butler HICKOK also known as: Wild Bill Hickok died at age: 39 Born: 27-May-1837 in Homer (Troy Grove), La SalleCo, IL Died: 2-Aug-1876 in Deadwood, Dakota Territory Buried: 4 Aug 1876 in Mt. Now, instead of her father being just a "cousin" of Hickok's, Hickok himself was her father! Hickok is currently interred in a ten-foot (3 m) square plot at the Mount Moriah Cemetery, surrounded by a cast-iron fence with a U.S. flag flying nearby. James Butler Hickbetter known as Wild Bill Hickok, was a figure in the American Old West. The White Buffalo (1977), starring Charles Bronson as Hickok, tells a tale of Hickok's hunt for a murderous white buffalo that follows him in his nightmares. As the old cemetery was an area that was better suited for the constant influx of new settlers to live on, the remaining bodies there were moved up the hill to the Mount Moriah Cemetery in the 1880s. In July, Hickok told a newspaper reporter that he had led several soldiers in pursuit of Indians who had killed four men near the fort on July 2. To be entitled to acquittal on the ground of self-defense, he must have been anxious to avoid a conflict, and must have used all reasonable means to avoid it. William Austin, the cemetery caretaker, estimated 500 lb (227 kg) which made it difficult for the men to carry them to the new site. Unfortunately, for the forger of the diary, the Cunard steamship line has always maintained highly detailed records. Charlie Utter, Hickok's friend and companion, claimed Hickok's body and placed a notice in the local newspaper, the Black Hills Pioneer, which read: Died in Deadwood, Black Hills, August 2, 1876, from the effects of a pistol shot, J. Brady, like Varnes, had disappeared from Deadwood and could not be found. He wanted me to go with him, and as we started on our way, imagine my surprise and uncomfortable feeling when he announced his intention of stopping at the McCanles home. 2 Army revolver belonged to Wild Bill Hickok, and may have been on his person when the legendary gunslinger was shot and killed in Deadwood, South Dakota, on Aug. 2 . The bully frightened his friend and James, always a defender of the weak, promptly picked the bully up and then threw him into the water. During this period of time an incident occurred that, it is claimed resulted in the "Wild Bill" sobriquet. 10 in Deadwood, in the Black Hills, Dakota Territory. She died on August 21st 1907. Lonergan was shot in the knee while Kile, who was shot twice, died the next day. "The Girl and the Gunfighter: A Newly Discovered Photograph of Wild Bill Hickok. With his already evident skill in shooting , James brought in local game to add to the family larder. Those who objected or resisted were knocked through, or out, the doors and into the street. In 1861, because of a "sweeping nose and protruding upper lip" Hickok received the nickname . Apparently, a local bartender had bested a group of local toughs in a fight. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. PHOTOS: (1) Wild Bill as a young man. She is the daughter of William T. Saunders of Augusta, Illinois, and sister to Minnie Rohrbaugh of Chicago and W. A. Saunders of Parker, Kansas. [9], Hickok used his late father's name, William Hickok, from 1858, and the name William Haycock during the American Civil War. Still, there . Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Not a word was uttered.". Family tree of Wild Bill HICKOK Adventurer Born James Butler HICKOK Folk hero of the American Old West Born on May 27, 1837 in Troy Grove, Illinois, USA , United States Died on August 02, 1876 in Deadwood, Dakota Territory, USA Born on May 27 44 Deceased on August 02 33 Adventurer 49 Family tree Report an error Hickok Aaron 1742 - 1814 Kent Deborah Hickok's horse was called Black Nell, and he owned two Colt 1851 Navy Revolvers. [6], Hickok was a good shot from a young age, and was recognized locally as an outstanding marksman with a pistol. In 1861 he was involved in a deadly shoot-out with the McCanles Gang at the Rock Creek Station after 40-year-old David McCanles, his 12-year-old son (William) Monroe McCanles, and two farmhands, James Woods and James Gordon, called at the station's office to demand payment of an overdue second installment on the property, an event that is still the subject of much debate. However, the "special election" may not have been legal, as a letter dated 17 September to the Governor of Kansas noted that Hickok had presented a warrant for an arrest which was rejected by the Fort Hays commander because when asked to produce his commission Hickok admitted he never had one. Lonergan pinned Hickok to the ground while Kile put his gun to Hickok's ear; however, it misfired, allowing Hickok to reach his own guns. Russell, Majors and Waddell had not kept up with their payments for the station, and the gun-brandishing McCanles had come to demand his money from Wellman, who insisted that he did not have it and refused to relinquish the property to McCanles, as did his wife. McCanles also acted as the stations manager before the company replaced him with Horace Wellman, and McCanles had reputedly ridiculed Hickok during his convalescence from his injuries. James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok Born 27 May 1837 in Troy Grove, LaSalle, Illinois, United States Ancestors Son of William Alonzo Hickok and Pamelia (Butler) Hickok Brother of Oliver Cromwell Hickok, Lorenzo (UNKNOWN) Hickok, Lorenzo Butler Hickok, Horace Dewey Hickok, Celinda (Hickok) Smith and Lydia (Hickok) Barnes Abilene's town gun laws did not allow this type of activity. She had come there with her traveling circus show. 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