Early in May 1957, he telephoned the United States Embassy in Paris and subsequently arrived at the embassy to be interviewed. Rudolf Abel was arrested while undercover in the U.S. Svirin had been in and out of the United States on several occasions between 1939 and 1956. He appeared before Judge Mortimer W. Byers on November 15, 1957 and was sentenced as follows (the three sentences to be served concurrently): Colonel Abel appealed his convictions, claiming that rights guaranteed to him under the Constitution and laws of the United States had been violated. Using this passport, he sailed October 16, 1952 from Southhampton, England aboard the Queen Mary and arrived at New York City on October 21, 1952. Operating as a Soviet spy in New York City, he was imprisoned for espionage following a high-profile trial in 1957. In 1949, Hyhnen freely obtained Maki's birth certificate. The .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Steven Spielberg-helmed flick starred Tom Hanks as Donovan, with British actor Mark Rylance taking on the role of the mysterious Soviet spy. Why, weve never seen a hollow coinor, for that matter, even heard of one before.. In October 1948, using a Soviet passport, he travelled from Leningradsky Station to Warsaw. All Rights Reserved. [33][34][35] The thumbtack signaled to Fisher that Hyhnen, his new assistant, had arrived. Sudoplatov later described this operation as "the most successful radio deception game of the war". [15][16] Though Fisher qualified for university, the costs prohibited him from attending. His mother also was American born, but his father had immigrated to the United States from Finland in 1905. [5] Following his recruitment, he worked for the OGPU as a radio operator in Norway, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and France. Hollow Nickel/Rudolf Abel One of the nation's most fascinatingand ultimately significantspy cases began in the summer of 1953, when a Brooklyn newspaper boy dropped a nickel he had just. On May 5, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announced that the American spy aircraft had been shot down and two days later revealed that Powers was alive and well and had confessed to being on an intelligence mission for the CIA. After he collected for the newspaper, Jimmy left the apartment house jingling several coins in his left hand. After handing back Kayotis's passport and documents, Fisher assumed the name Goldfus. The name "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel" was that of a deceased friend and a KGB colonel; Fisher knew as soon as The Centre saw the name Abel on the front pages of American newspapers they would realize he had been captured. IT IS TOO EARLY TO SEND YOU THE GAMMAS. Two hollow pennies were found in Washington, D.C. Fisher, or "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel", was to serve his sentence (as prisoner 80016A)[64] at Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, Georgia. . He served as a case officer for the "Volunteer" spy network, which was tasked with relaying atomic secrets, and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in 1949. [16] In 1921, following the Russian Revolution, the Fisher family left Newcastle upon Tyne to return to Moscow. He had returned to the Soviet Union in October 1956. The U.S. government then used Abel to secure the release of Powers, whose Lockheed U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft had been forced down near Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg), in the central Soviet Union, on May 1, 1960. spies," is based on the story of rudolf abel, arrested in new york city, convicted, and exchanged for u.s. biplane pilot. [65], Fisher served just over four years of his sentence. In order to establish contact with Mikhail in the United States, Hayhanen was instructed that after arriving in New York he should go to the Tavern on the Green in Central Park. Inside was a tiny photograph, showing a series of numbers too small to read. Fisher was assigned New York lawyer James B. Donovan, and the two developed a strong rapport. Hayhanen described Mark as about 50 years old or possibly older; approximately five feet ten inches tall; thin gray hair; and medium build. Fisher said nothing to the FBI and, after spending twenty-three minutes staring at Fisher, the FBI agents called in the waiting Immigration and Naturalization Service officers who arrested Fisher and detained him under section 242 of the Immigration and Nationality Act. The painter in question is Rudolf Abel (brilliantly played by Mark Rylance with wry, mournful soul), first seen serenely composing a self-portrait in his Brooklyn apartment in 1957, at the height of Cold War dread and paranoia. [10] However, in 1938 he was dismissed from the NKVD, which the OGPU had been renamed to in 1934. Following his return to Russia what happened to Rudolf Abel? Abel returned to Moscow, where the KGB pushed him into retirement, fearing that he had been persuaded to become a double agent during his five years in captivity by American authorities. of american history tv, the brooklyn historical society host several experts on the trial. Its doctors orders, he explained. Upon returning to the United States, Powers was cleared by the CIA and the Senate of any personal blame for the U-2 incident. Yes, they remembered Jimmy; but, if either had given him a hollow nickel, it was entirely unintentional. His parents Heinrich and Lyubov were Bolshevik supporters from Russia, and young Fisher helped his father by distributing "Hands Off Russia" literature during World War I. Thats Mikhail.. Mikhail, the Soviet with whom Hayhanen maintained contact from the fall of 1952 until early 1954, was yet to be identified. He was given a modest pension and in 1968 published KGB-approved memoirs. CONSULT WITH US PRIOR TO INVESTING IT IN ANY KIND OF BUSINESS, ADVISING THE CHARACTER OF THIS BUSINESS.3. Inside was a tiny photographapparently a picture of a series of numbers. After five years in the United States, he dreaded the thought of going back to his communist-ruled homeland. Sorry, Jimmy, she said. After leaving the United States, the Maki family settled in Estonia. The search for this storage room led FBI agents to a building at 252 Fulton Street. Upon his return to New York in 1956, he found that his carefully constructed network had been left to disintegrate in his absence. During the Cold War, Soviet spies worked together in the United States without revealing their names or addresses to each other, a precaution in the event that one was caught or, like Hayhanen, defected. The information which he provided was applied by FBI Laboratory experts to the microphotograph from the Jefferson nickel. Rudolph Abel Exchange For Garry Powers (1962) Watch on. When Kayotis friends in Michigan heard no more from him, they assumed that he had passed away. Abel v. United States. However, private treatment by the agency he had served for decades was not as warm. Rudolf Ivanovich Abel ( Russian: ), real name William August Fisher (11 July 1903 - 15 November 1971), was a Soviet intelligence officer. [6], Fisher and his brother, Henry,[11] won scholarships to Whitley Bay High School and Monkseaton High School. The real Andrew Kayotis, believed to have died in a Lithuanian hospital, was born in Lithuania on October 10, 1895. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! And both coins had a small hole in one printed letter so that a sharp-pointed instrument, such as a needle, could be used to open them. [5] Trained as a radio operator, he served in a Red Army radio battalion in 1925 and 1926. During this period, FBI agents discreetly tied together the loose ends of the investigation, matters which had to be resolved before this Russian intelligence officer could be taken into custody. I do recall, however, that we used the code name `Quebec in referring to him and that he was recruited for Soviet intelligence work while in Moscow., (An intensive investigation was launched to identify and locate Quebec. It quickly produced results when, in examining a hollow piece of steel from Hayhanens home, the FBI Laboratory discovered a piece of microfilm less than one-inch square. A lock () or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. [44] Upon hearing he was due to return to Moscow, Hyhnen was fearful that he would be severely disciplined or even executed. Following World War II, he rose to the rank of senior operative authorized representative of the Segozerski district section of the NKGB and, with headquarters in the Village of Padani, set about the task of identifying dissident elements among the local citizens. The KGB Center, with the help of KGB's Ottawa resident, set about procuring two new passports for Fisher in the names of Robert Callan and Vasili Dzogol, but this process would take time. The case, which had made international headlines and turned James Donovan into a public pariah, faded into obscurity. The newsboy accidentally dropped the nickel and it broke in half, revealing a microphotograph containing a series of numbers. The microfilm bore a typewritten message which identified Quebec as Army sergeant Roy Rhodes and stated the Soviet agents had recruited him in January 1952. Neither of these pennies, nor the assortment of other coins which the Laboratory examined, was found to have tool markings or other distinguishing features to identify it with the newsboys 1948 Jefferson nickel. With the end of this war in 1940, Hayhanen was assigned to check the loyalty and reliability of Soviet workers in Finland and to develop informants and sources of information in their midst. Forced into retirement in 1971, he died of lung cancer on November 15 of that year. British intelligence officer and Soviet spy. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. [37], After arriving in New York, Hyhnen spent the next two years establishing his identity. Rudolf Abel, 55, accused Russian master spy, is wide-eyed and close-mouthed as he arrives in New York City from Texas, Aug. 8, 1957. [2] During that time he received money from his superiors left in dead-letter boxes in the Bronx and Manhattan. The Hollow Nickel Case (or the Hollow Coin) was the FBI investigation that grew out of the discovery of a container disguised as a U.S. coin and containing a coded message, eventually found to concern espionage activities of William August Fisher ( a.k.a. After the war, he began working for the KGB, which sent him to the United States where he worked as part of a spy ring based in New York City. economics. [27] The real Goldfus had died at only 14 months, having been born on August 2, 1902, in New York. Rudolf Abel, in full Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, original name William August Fisher, (born July 11, 1903, Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, Englanddied November 15, 1971, Moscow, Russia), Soviet intelligence officer, convicted in the United States in 1957 for conspiring to transmit military secrets to the Soviet Union. In examining the nickel, agents of the FBIs New York Office noted that the microphotograph appeared to portray nothing more then ten columns of typewritten numbers. On June 21, 1957, he was arrested by the FBI, and on October 25, 1957, a federal district court in Brooklyn found him guilty of espionage, relying in part on testimony by Soviet Lieutenant Colonel Reino Hayhanen, who had defected to the West and who stated that he had been Abel's chief coconspirator in the United States. As the years passed, memories of the Maki family gradually began to fade, and all but possibly two or three old time residents of Enaville, Idaho, forgot that there has ever been a Maki family in that area. The hollow nickel found by the Brooklyn newspaper boy, The coded message contained in the hollow nickel. At the end of his 1957 trial, Rudolf Abel escaped the death penalty when his lawyer, James Donovan, convinced the federal judge that Abel might one day be used either as a source of intelligence information or as a hostage to be traded with the Soviets for a captured U.S. agent. Want to read all 2 pages? Thanks to information offered by Hyhnen, Fisher was tracked down and arrested at the Latham Hotel in Manhattan. [68] For the sake of its own reputation it suited the KGB to portray "Abel's" nine years of being an undetected agent in the United States as a triumph by a dedicated NKVD member. On May 16, leaders of the United States, the USSR, Britain, and France met in Paris for a long-awaited summit meeting. Among the items he had been supplied by the Soviets were hollow pens, pencils, screws, batteries, and coinsin some instances magnetized so they would adhere to metal objects. On November 15, 1957, Brooklyn judge Mortimer W. Byers sentenced Soviet spy Rudolf Abel to consecutive terms of 30, 10, and 5 years in prison and fined him $3,000. In August, Powers pleaded guilty to espionage charges in Moscow and was sentenced to 10 years imprisonmentthree in prison and seven in a prison colony. Astrological Sign: Cancer, Death Year: 1971, Death date: November 15, 1971, Death City: Moscow, Death Country: Russia, Article Title: Rudolf Abel Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/crime/rudolf-abel, Publisher: A&E; Television Networks, Last Updated: May 18, 2021, Original Published Date: October 14, 2015. I have a sinus condition.. He was dismissed from the agency during the Great Purge of the late 1930s, but he returned to its service after the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. Despite his modest background, Hayhanen was an honor student and, in 1939, obtained the equivalent of a certificate to teach high school. Mark also sent Hayhanen on trips alone. For example, during the fall of 1948, while en route to the United States from the Soviet Union, he had adopted the identity of Andrew Kayotis. His son, born in England and going to Russia with his father, joined the Soviet intelligence and security agency GPU (the predecessor of the KGB) in 1927 and operated in western European countries and the Soviet Union in the next two decades. His ashes were interred at the Donskoye Cemetery under his real name; next to Konon Molody, who had died the previous year. Abel, in the Old Testament, second son of Adam and Eve, who was slain by his older brother, Cain (Genesis 4:1-16). Argued February 24-25, 1959. All Rights Reserved. [27], On 26 November, Fisher met with Soviet "illegal" Josef Romvoldovich Grigulevich (codenamed "MAKS" or "ARTUR"). . Moments later, FBI agents saw him take a subway to 28th Street, and they stood by unnoticed as he emerged from the subway and walked to the Hotel Latham on East 28th Street. [2][37][38], Late in 1953, Fisher moved to Brooklyn and rented a room in a boarding house on Hicks Street. He later served in an instructional role before taking part in intelligence operations against the Germans during World War II. Two separate coins obviously had been used in making this trick 50 Markka piece. [12] Though Fisher was not as hard-working as Henry, he showed aptitude for science, mathematics, languages, art and music, inherited in part from his father's abilities. Thats Mark.. Thus, Hayhanen initially provided the FBI with little useful information. [20] That year he married Elena Lebedeva, a harp student at Moscow Conservatoire. Using the alias Emil Goldfus, he set up an artist's studio. Youve found him, the former Soviet Agent exclaimed. The myth of the master spy Rudolf Abel replaced the reality of Fisher's illegal residency, even as the party hierarchy was well aware that Fisher had achieved nothing of real significance. The Mystery Novelist Who Committed a Real Murder, Boston Marathon Bombings Survivors, 10 Years Later, A Complete Timeline of Adnan Syeds Trial, Release, The Siege at Waco, In the Words of Who Was There, Ted Bundy Maybe Murdered Dozens More than We Knew, How Waco Inspired Timothy McVeighs OKC Bombing. Ill ask the people across the hall, he said. The man who became one of the Soviet Union's greatest spies told the orderly that he was born and reared in England and that his father was an agitator in the British labor movement of the early 1900s. [21] During his interview with the OGPU, it was determined he should adopt a Russian-sounding name and William August Fisher became Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher. The two men were brought to separate sides of the Glienicker Bridge, which connects East and West Berlin across Lake Wannsee. Is time wrong? On June 15, a photograph of Goldfus which the FBI took with a hidden camera was shown to Hayhanen. He did, however, remember being taken to a storage room in Brooklyn by his superior, whom he knew as Mark. The FBI tracked down the storage room and found it was rented by one Emil R. Goldfus, an artist and photographer who had a studio in Brooklyn Heights. For example, in 1954, Mark instructed him to locate an American Army sergeant, one formerly assigned to the United States Embassy in Moscow. [45], During Fisher's detainment the FBI had been searching his hotel room and photo studio, where they discovered espionage equipment including shortwave radios, cipher pads, cameras and film for producing microdots, a hollow shaving brush, and numerous "trick" containers including hollowed-out bolts. They were to resurface in the United Kingdom using the identities of Peter and Helen Kroger. One of the coins seemed to have a peculiar ring. In his studio, FBI investigators found a hollow pencil used for concealing messages, a shaving brush containing microfilm, a code book, and radio transmitting equipment. He refused to cooperate at all. Changing the day will navigate the page to that given day in history. [17], Fluent in English, Russian, German, Polish and Yiddish,[18] Fisher worked for the Comintern as a translator following his family's return to the Soviet Union. On 28 May 1957, in a small park opposite Fulton Street, FBI agents spotted a man acting nervously. FOR ORGANIZATION OF COVER, WE GAVE INSTRUCTIONS TO TRANSMIT TO YOU THREE THOUSAND IN LOCAL (CURRENCY). [Image at top: An image of Abel's actual apartment at 252 Fulton Street in DUMBO. They contained shortwave radios, cipher pads, cameras and film for producing microdots, a hollow shaving brush, cuff links, and numerous other trick containers. By a five-to-four decision which was handed down on March 28, 1960, the Supreme Court upheld the conviction of this Russian spy. From the long list of possible suspects, the most logical candidate appeared to be Mikhail Nikolaevich Svirin. Accordingly, passage was secured for Hayhanen on an airliner, and he was permitted to return to the United States. [43][45] Hyhnen arrived in Paris on May Day, having sailed from the U.S. aboard La Libert. They sold their belongings and left their Idaho farm for New York to book passage on a ship to Europe. Afterward, Fisher sent Donovan two rare manuscripts as a show of his appreciation. He was given a modest pension and in 1968 published KGB-approved memoirs. Hayhanen obtained the impression that Mikhail was a Soviet diplomatic officialpossibly attached to the embassy or the United Nations. It is an absolute necessity. Several weeks before he departed for America, Hayhanen was recalled to Moscow and introduced to a Soviet agent, Mikhail, who was to serve as his espionage superior in this country. It had been hollowed out, and there was a small hole in the first a of the word Tasavalta which appeared on the tail side of this coin. Fisher was subsequently indicted to stand trial as a Russian spy. Hayhanen was born near Leningrad on May 14, 1920. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. During this period, he was most cautious to avoid suspicion or attracting attention to himselfhis Soviet superiors wanting him to become established as an ordinary, hard-working citizen. this is just under two hours. The key to this mystery proved to be a 36-year-old Lieutenant Colonel of the Soviet State Security Service (KGB). He died in 1971. NUMBER 1, 3RD OF DECEMBER.. Questioned about the hollow bolt, Hayhanen said that trick containers such as this were often used by the espionage apparatus which he served. [71], Soviet intelligence officer Rudolf Abel on a 1990 USSR commemorative stamp. [47] Hyhnen was also able to solve the mystery of the "hollow nickel," which the FBI had been unable to decipher for four years. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. [48] The Canadian Communist Party succeeded in obtaining a new passport for Fisher in the name of Robert Callan. 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