Who is the strongest Yoruba god? Some of these divinities are regarded as primordial spirits. In this version, the orishas fall into three categories: primordial deities, deified ancestors, and personifications of natural forces. Finally, there is Eshu, a trickster God, and patron of crossroads. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. World History Encyclopedia. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. carried away during the Atlantic Slave Trade. In some tales, she is said to be a mermaid. Mark, Joshua J.. His rule lasted for seven years and ended when Shango was dethroned by one of his former allies. The Yoruba people believe that there is a Supreme God, called Oludumare, and that he governs the Earth through a series of minor deities, known as the orishas, that work as his assistants. Orisha (also given as Orisa and Orishas) are supernatural entities usually referred to as deities in the Yoruba religion of West Africa, though they are actually emanations or avatars of the supreme being Olodumare. The seven most popular Orishas are Esu, Ogun, Obatala, Yemaya, Oshun, Shango, and Oya. She is also the patroness of herbal healers. World History Encyclopedia, 06 Oct 2021. As a water divinity, Erinle is believed to reside at the places where his river meets the sea. Yoruba gods and goddesses are worshipped in Nigeria, Cuba, and Brazil. As a warrior deity, Shango is commonly represented with the oshe, a double-headed battle-ax, either in one of his hands or coming right out of his head. This list includes the major Orishas honored in the United States, according to scholars and practitioners. Please support World History Encyclopedia. This is the case of Yemoja, also called Yemaya, who is considered both a primordial deity and the personification of a natural force. She presides over womanhood, fertility, and life. Get or read online Knowing The Orisha Gods Goddesses books directly on your Knowing The Orisha Gods Goddesses Book PDF | Download Or Read Online The shell contained a magical soil and a divine cloth. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). This beautifully illustrated exploration of Afro-Brazilian spirituality introduces you to the gods of the African diaspora known as the Orishas. Yoruba mythology states that Olodumare is the most powerful god. Yoruba mythology states that Olodumare is the most powerful god. Those who practice the traditional Yoruba religion are spread worldwide. He is the most feared of the Orisha. Below is the Yoruba gods' family tree: The Yoruba creation story has different versions. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. They must be honored through remembrance and invoked to do so by living humans, however, and so fall lower on the hierarchy than the living. His youngest son, Obatala, asked if he could create a new realm made of earth. The third king of the Yoruba Oyo Empire, Shango was considered a violent ruler, but also one with notorious military achievements. However, another account for the existence of the orishas explains that these deities dont share the same origin, as there are at least three different kinds of orishas. Always in the middle of conflicting forces, Eshu is commonly linked to duality and contrasts. He understands the secrets of dreaming, meditation, psychic ability and healing. wn r knrin (male orishas), wn r Obinrin (Female Orishas), Difference between Yoruba r worship and what is practiced among Afro-Hispanics, "Deities of the Yoruba and Fon Religions | Encyclopedia.com", "Yoruba gods and goddesses: their history explained in detail", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Yoruba_deities&oldid=1131964538, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. In largely Protestant North America, it is unclear how the Yoruba faith was observed in the 17th-19th centuries (and may not have been at all), but in Catholic Central and South America and the Caribbean, it became syncretized with Christianity, and the Orishas were associated with certain saints. Olodumare releases the rains, heals Oshun, and declares her the only Orisha always welcome to bring messages to Orun. One chooses their destiny before birth and reincarnates to achieve it in the next life. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. [1], The Republic of Benin and Nigeria contain the highest concentrations of Yoruba people and Yoruba faiths in all of Africa. Yoruba gods and goddesses. The Orisha And The 12 Gods Of Yoruba Mythology By Ancient Code Team - April 20, 2022 83 0 At the beginning of Yoruba mythology, the universe was composed of two elements, the ethereal sky above and a watery chaos below. After Orisha Obatala separated the land from the waters, Oshun was the only female among the 17 Orishas Olodumare sent down to complete the work. Copyright Ancient Code. The earth begins to die as crops fail and lakes and rivers dry up, and the Orishas wail their repentance, but Olodumare does not hear them. The ile ori seems to say that a good head (i.e., good character and a good mind) constitutes true wealth. Weborisha, also spelled orixa or orisa, any of the deities of the Yoruba people of southwestern Nigeria. Orisha (also given as Orisa and Orishas) are supernatural entities usually referred to as deities in the Yoruba religion of West Africa, though they are actually emanations or avatars of the supreme being Olodumare. Oshosi is also a hunting god, who is highly regarded for his quick wit and objectivity. During the gods drunkenness, his brother, the orisha Oduduwa, completed the job. Several primordial divinities have oral traditions stating that they were once the chiefs or kings of still existing Yoruba towns. They can be counted on, however, to deliver the messages of mortals to Olodumare and so they came to be associated with the saints of Catholicism when the Yoruba people were brought as slaves to the so-called New World. This list includes the major Orishas honored in the United States, according to scholars and practitioners. He reigned for seven years, constantly waging battle against other nations, bringing prosperity to the Oyo Empire. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Her son, Orungan, raped her when her guard was down, and in grief she exploded, her self-sacrifice creating fifteen Orishas. To the benefit of human beings, the orishas mediate between humanity and these forces of the natural world by putting the tamable aspects of nature under human control while standing between humanity and that part of nature that cannot be tamed, hemmed in, or controlled by human beings. Because of the importance of culture and geography in defining the worship, there will never be a comprehensive list of Orishas one should not conclude that other Orishas are not The orishas are the gods of Santeria, the beings that believers interact with on a regular basis. Similarly, Oya is regarded as the protectress of women. WebOrishas (singular: orisha) are spirits that play a key role in the Yoruba religion of West Africa and several religions of the African diaspora that derive from it, such as Cuban, Dominican and Puerto Rican Santera and Brazilian Candombl. Oshun is the goddess of love, intimacy, and marriage. Copyright Ancient Code. Yemoja is the orisha that reigns over all bodies of water, although she is especially linked to rivers (in Nigeria, the Osun River is consecrated to her). The Yoruba are most likely the most well-known West African ethnic group in the world due to their vast population in West Africa and broad dispersion through enslavement in the Americas. Human ancestors appear in the hierarchy because the spirits of those who have gone before are understood to still exist and able to exert their influence over the living. The Orisha And The 12 Gods Of Yoruba Mythology By Ancient Code Team - April 20, 2022 83 0 At the beginning of Yoruba mythology, the universe was composed of two elements, the ethereal sky above and a watery chaos below. We want people all over the world to learn about history. She passed near the sun and lost most of her feathers. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. A collection of these objects, even if it is not permanent, constitutes an altar where the orisha is present and can be addressed through prayers and offerings. Those who worship him often seek personal empowerment, in order to make themselves better leaders. Sky Woman: The Overlooked Iroquois Influence on America, Harry Reid: We May Be Close to Finding Out Truth About UFOs, DNA Results Show The Elongated Paracas Skulls Are Not Native American, The mysteries of Ancient Egypts Saqqara Bird, Evidence of Ancient Advanced Technology: The Great Pyramid of Giza, Flat-Earthers going to Antarctica seeking truth about our flat Earth. Each orisha has its own powers and domains of authority. Like the stories told by the Yoruba in West Africa, different Orishas were linked to different saints in different regions, and it is not possible to definitively say which Orisha came to be identified with which saint. Orisha of rainbow serpent associated with creation and procreation. The Yoruba are religious and liberal-minded people. WebThe Supreme God has three manifestations: Olodumare - The Lord God of the Source of Creation; Olorun - The Lord God of Heaven; Olofi - The Lord God of the Palace, conduit between Orn (Heaven) and Ay (Earth). They are also venerated by the Edo of southeastern Nigeria; the Ewe of Ghana, Benin, and Togo; and the Fon of Benin (who refer to them as voduns). WebOrisha embodies. The number of orishas varies among believers. "Orisha." World History Encyclopedia. Last modified October 06, 2021. The Sky god finished building the city of Ife and made himself the king of the Yoruba. (represents wind, lightning, fire, and magic) (Shango's third wife). Erinle is a wilderness god, associated with hunting, herbalism and animal husbandry. Copyright Symbol Sage 2022 All Rights Reserved. Knowing The Orisha Gods & Goddesses Paperback Illustrated, October 8, 2020 by Waldete Tristao (Author), Caco Bressane (Author) 148 ratings See all formats and editions Paperback $8.99 5 Used from $8.99 15 New from $4.99 In this context the altar may be referred to as the orisha or as the orishas face. The following is a list of Yoruba orisha (r), or deities. The Yoruba religion emphasizes continual feeding and supplication to the Orishas, and the community respects the words of the possessed. She possesses an unfathomable wisdom and governs over an esoteric world of dreams, psychism, meditation, and healing. However, despite their divine status and remarkable powers, not all the orishas have the same origin. At a time when the Gods were starving, she offered him her ear to eat, and he scorned her. Although there is much variation in the details of the rituals and mythology of these deities among these West African peoples, the underlying religious concept is essentially the same. Using these sacred materials, he created fields, forests, hills, and valleys. WebIn the Yoruba pantheon, the orishas are the deities that help Oludumare, the Supreme God, to keep cosmogonic order. In Yoruba tradition, Olokun is commonly depicted as a hermaphrodite. No division in Yorubaland, YorubaKoya commends Ooni, Akintoye, Igboho, others. This worship was passed on from one generation to the next. During his lifetime, he was married to three wives (Oshun, Oba, and Oya). A mother goddess (the patron deity of women and the Ogun river). Generally, Yemoja exhibits a comprehensive character, but she can turn temperamental quickly if she perceives that her children are being threatened or mistreated. In their native areas, people formed groups that worshipped and venerated these orishas and secured a place for their cult group in the religious and social organizations of the towns where they lived. Related Content Essentially, Orishas represent the powers of nature, as well as time, life, death, and rebirth. Yemaya was linked with the V*irgin Mary, Our Lady of Regla, in Cuba. As Orisha of love, Oshun is represented as a beautiful, charming and coquettish young woman. The male Orishas return to Olodumare to confess their failure. Orunmila - spirit of wisdom, divination, destiny, and foresight However, despite his mistake, Obatala redeemed himself by taking on the task of creating the human race. Via the qualities of the Orishas as universal celestial powers, this way of life was attained. They told him that they ignored Oshun for being young and a woman. Due to 200 years of separation from the motherland, Lukum became a lexicon of words and is not a spoken language. WebOshun, also spelled Osun, an orisha (deity) of the Yoruba people of southwestern Nigeria. Detail of the mural by Said Musa, presenting Yemaya, an Orisha Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. These categories are not rigid, and in some cases they overlap. Mawu was also a creative goddess, who was tasked with fashioning all other life on Earth. He taught his followers the secrets of civilization (fire, smithing, hunting, politics, and war). Scholar Alex Cuoco comments: Olodumare-Oloorun is the Supreme, Almighty God of the Yoruba and not an Orisha. The number of orishas varies among believers. Jhonfrank Snchez is a Venezuelan writer and Literature major interested in studying ancient civilizations, history, symbolism, and how they have shaped modern thought. World History Encyclopedia. An orisha may be said to arise when a divine power to command and make things happen converges with a natural force, a deified ancestor, and an object that witnesses and supports that convergence and alignment. The history of the Yoruba religion started in the Stone Age. He created the Orishas to be mediators between himself and the people. The wise Orunmila recognized that there wasnt any good reason for them not to have special abilities, so he agreed to share his powers with the orishas. The Yoruba faith and several other religions that derived from it are also popular in many Caribbean and South American countries. According to the Yoruba belief, Olodumare is too immense for the human mind to grasp and so released different aspects of itself, each of which received a certain sphere of influence randomly. Its noteworthy that Aja is one of the few Yoruba divinities that present herself to mortals in her human form to offer help, instead of trying to scare them. Some of these divinities are regarded as primordial spirits. In Yoruba cosmology, Olodumare sits at the top of the hierarchy, and everything else descends down from him: Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! As the people began to reproduce, new lands were required for them to settle. Olorun agreed and gave Obatala a shell to help fashion this new world. They include her daughters Ayao and Oya. 12 African Gods and Goddesses: The Orisha Pantheon Syed Rafid Kabir | African History , Ancient Civilizations , Gods and Goddesses | January 9, 2023 July 2, 2022 Lions, elephants, vast stretches of the jungle with venomous snakes, or an endless sea of sand stalked by nefarious scorpions. He inspires humans to overcome their physical and psychological barriers which impede their growth. Transmission of orisha beliefs outside Africa, Contemporary practices of orisha devotees, Indiana University Bloomington Computer Science - The Orishas. The Dyatlov Pass Incident: What Killed Nine Young Hikers at Dead Mountain? As a result, the plants died, and water bodies dried up. (missing: Elegba and Oshosi), Elegba, Yemay (Yemja), Osn, Shang (Sang), Obatal, Oya, and Oshoshi. Olodumare was terrified and ran from the mice, but Esu appeared, calmed the deity, and quickly ate up every mouse. St. Peter may have established the Church but still denied Christ three times, just as Ogun may have been understood as a source of strength and healing but still tried to rape Oshun in one of the stories where she is rescued by Yemaya. An orisha may be said to be a deity. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Some of these divinities are regarded as primordial spirits. 12 African Gods and Goddesses: The Orisha Pantheon Syed Rafid Kabir | African History , Ancient Civilizations , Gods and Goddesses | January 9, 2023 July 2, 2022 Lions, elephants, vast stretches of the jungle with venomous snakes, or an endless sea of sand stalked by nefarious scorpions. This is why today Shango is widely worshipped in other religions, including Cuban Santeria, Haitian Vodou, and Brazilian Candomble. The orishas, however, are only one aspect of these natural forces. She works closely with Osain and is a fierce warrior. Download Knowing the Orisha Gods and Goddesses Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle. The Orishas attend religious celebrations by possessing believers and making them go into a trance. Yorubas believe the Orishas continued to practice their traditional religion despite becoming Christians. The heaven realm is the domain of Olorun, a sun god. (2021, October 06). Orishas, like the saints, were relatable because they were fallible. orisha, also spelled orixa or orisa, any of the deities of the Yoruba people of southwestern Nigeria. Esu saved Olodumare and received the gift of becoming a trickster figure that can freely interfere with people's lives. In a variant of the myth, Erinle transformed himself into a river to appease the thirst of the Yoruba people, who had been struggling with the effects of a pernicious drought sent by Shango. They emanated directly from God without any human aid. Download Knowing the Orisha Gods and Goddesses Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle. After this affront, the deposed warrior king reportedly tried to hang himself but ended up ascending to the sky on a chain instead of dying. Ayao has among her implements a crossbow with serpent arrows, a quill, and nine stones. The head also has other values associated with it that derive from the hierarchical nature of Yoruba social life. Kokou is a warrior god, renowned for his violence and ferocity. Egungun-oya by Another Wanderer WebOshun, also spelled Osun, an orisha (deity) of the Yoruba people of southwestern Nigeria. Oba is a domestic goddess, also married to Shango, who presides over the home. The archaeological evidence from the West African sites states that Orishas developed between 500-300 BCE. When these ancestors disappeared and became orishas, their children began to sacrifice to them and to continue whatever ceremonies the orishas had performed when they were on earth. Two gods rule over both these primordial realms. Yorubas believe that Olodumare created the Orishas and threw powers of dominion into the air. She is also a guardian to the underworld, helping people transition from the world of flesh to the realm of spirit. Submitted by Joshua J. Yemaja is a mother goddess, patron of pregnancy and children. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Scientists On How Trees Talk Through an Ancient Otherworld Network, Ley Lines, Ancient Flight Plans, And Their Mind-Bending Connection To Ancient Monuments, 15 extremely rare, ancient images of the Pyramids of Giza youve probably never seen, The Translation of the Sumerian King List: When Gods ruled the Earth, Newly found sunken continents suggests the mythical continent of Lemuria was real, Amateur Astronomers spots massive cigar-shaped UFO near the Orion Nebula. The understanding is that, even if one thought one knew every Orisha and could name them all, there would always be one more one had missed. This visible ori, however, serves as the vessel for an invisible ori, the ori-inu or internal head, the indwelling spirit of a person and the kernel of that individuals personality. The Yoruba religion is constituted by a conglomerate of beliefs, primarily from the territory comprising modern-day Nigeria, Ghana, Togo, and Benin. In some locations in the Caribbean and South America, they were able to reestablish the worship of the orishas and maintain it during slavery and after its abolition. The males ignore her efforts and suggestions and wind up failing in their task. The word orisha is related to several other Yoruba words referring to the head. Get or read online Knowing The Orisha Gods Goddesses books directly on your Knowing The Orisha Gods Goddesses Book PDF | Download Or Read Online The Orishas Gods GET BOOK Download The Orishas Gods Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle Millions of people worldwide have been inspired by the Yoruba people, their culture, and their teachings. She is kind and generous to her followers, but when brought to anger she can cause untold destruction. In the Yoruba tradition these were individuals who were able to establish control over a natural force and make a bond of interdependence with it, attracting its beneficent action toward themselves and their people while sending its destructive aspects onto enemies. He is a patron of sexual diversity, celebrating lesbian, gay and bisexual people. Omissions? They were given aid, however, through the efforts of the Orishas. At this stage of the tale, the orishas were simply intermediaries between humans and the gods. She is married to Shango, the sky god, who favored her for her excellent cooking and skills in bed. Author of. As Orisha of love, Oshun is represented as a beautiful, charming and coquettish young woman. In themselves the cowrie shells symbolize wealth, because they were once a medium of economic exchange. Elegua, Yemay (Yemja), Oshn (un), Shang (Sang), Obatal, Oya, and Ogn etc. Moreover, if a human was taken away by the goddess and returned, its believed that this person would have returned as a trained jujuman; which is the name given to high priests in many parts of West Africa. This category is mainly made up of kings, queens, heroes, heroines, warriors, and founders of cities. Olokun is the mother of Odudua, an ancient Earth Goddess, and battle maiden. She can manifest as a gentle breeze or in the eye of a raging tornado. He represents the power of fortune. The Orisha began to lose patience with him, especially when he tried to infect them with smallpox after they laughed at his deplorable dancing skills. The witnessing object for the ori-inu is a shrine for the head called ile ori (house of the head), a pointed crownlike container covered with cowrie shells, whose white colour indicates purity and good character. The orishas are the gods of Santeria, the beings that believers interact with on a regular basis. There is always the other partthe part of the natural force that can be explored but never completely known, the aspect of nature that will always remain wild and escape definition. Similar worship of African deities can also be found among the Afro-Franco populations of Haiti and the US state of Louisiana. They are also venerated by the Edo of southeastern Nigeria; the Ewe of Ghana, Benin, and Togo; and the Fon of Benin (who refer to them as voduns). These Are The 10 Avatars Of Vishnu, One Of The Main Ancient Hindu Deities, 14 Massive Monoliths Of The Ancient World. Each orisha has its own powers and domains of authority. Renewed and grateful deities in turn bless their supportive wor- Shortly afterward, Shango became the orisha of lightning, fire, virility, and war. His reign ended when he inadvertently destroyed his palace with lightning. The Yoruba creation story, like many others, has different versions. The Yoruba use the head as a metaphor for supremacy and chieftainship; it means the first in rank and status, the most important and influential person or official. Initially, they represented their gods using elements of nature like rivers, storms, mountains, and forests. For instance, according to myth, Olokun once got enraged and tried to destroy the human race with a deluge. Top 10 Obas in Yorubaland: Interesting facts about the rulers. The Orisha And The 12 Gods Of Yoruba Mythology. The male Orishas confess they ignored her because she was a woman and much younger and are told only she can complete the work. Some of them are known as ara urun, meaning people of heaven, where they are believed to reside. Service apply why today Shango orisha gods and goddesses pdf widely worshipped in Nigeria, Cuba and! 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Yemaya, an orisha Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike emphasizes continual feeding and supplication to the Orishas ended... Orishas fall into three categories: primordial deities, 14 Massive Monoliths of the Orishas the. Of sexual diversity, celebrating lesbian, gay and bisexual people and psychological barriers which impede their.! Regarded as primordial spirits Epub and Kindle of heaven, where they are believed reside! Up every mouse that Olodumare is the domain of olorun, a trickster figure can... For seven years and ended when Shango was dethroned by one of his former allies primordial. Irgin Mary, our Lady of Regla, in Cuba up of kings,,. Haiti and the Google Privacy Policy and orisha gods and goddesses pdf of Service apply of becoming trickster! Is commonly linked to duality and contrasts of Ife and made himself the king of the Main Ancient Hindu,! Interesting facts about the rulers the Stone Age ate up every mouse making them go into a trance this (!