Dactylis glomerata L., Orchardgrass, is a persistent, cool season bunchgrass. The genotypes and heading dates from the OP2 population were used to perform an association analysis. Olsons rating scale is based on physiological growth stage with 45=boot stage, 50=beginning of seedhead emergence, and 58=seedhead completely emerged. Some of these varieties may be very well adapted to Missouri. Hay buyers want a high-quality leafy mixture, but it can be difficult to determine when to cut, especially at first cutting. Plant Physiol. Richmond, Toro, and Mariposa are early-maturing (about 10 days before Climax) varieties that exhibit relatively rapid regrowth after harvest. Some producers have experienced difficulty in producing well-filled, high-quality seed. For this reason, fall seedings are not recommended in the northern one-third of the state. I have had Orchard Grass pastures before when I had horses. Forage can be grazed later in the fall when plants have become more winter hardy. The varieties were specifically chosen to include the full range of maturity from very late to very early (1 = late maturing and 4 = early maturing). Orchardgrass growing conditions include either acidic or base soil pH, full sun, or partial shade with moderately even moisture. About 8604. The coordinator is Gene Olson, and he conducts both yield and grazing variety trials across almost 20 forage species each year. It is another part of the reproductive phase. Latar Orchardgrass is a late maturing, hay-type orchardgrass. Both cows and calves gained approximately lb per day more on orchardgrass than on tall fescue. Orchardgrass By: Aaron Patton and Leslie Beck Biology: Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata ), is a clump-forming, or bunch-type, cool-season grassy weed found throughout the Midwestern United States. Back to Articles 1993 to document.write(new Date().getFullYear()) Curators of the University of Missouri, all rights reserved, DMCA and other copyright information. In the study, the carrying capacity of orchardgrass was well above bromegrass and slightly less than fescue. Join our email list to receive a free hat, discount opportunities, and exclusive insight into upcoming promotions and price increases. 0000073992 00000 n Buying a certified variety gives the best assurance of obtaining quality seed. Spring growth of timothy passes through the typical stages of grass development, tillering, jointing (stem elongation), heading, flowering, and seed formation. Freezing temperatures may damage orchardgrass in the young seedling stage. #1. Though many popular orchardgrass varieties are early maturing, producing seedheads before alfalfa reaches the late-bud stage. Other developments by private companies are also being offered for sale in the state. Each of these grasses, except wild fescue, is characterized by a vigorous, invasive growth habit under . Graduate Studies Planting Depth: .25"-.50" Planting Rates: 25-30 lbs per acre, 20-25 lbs per acre if used in range or critical area treatment. If used for range and erosion control, seedings should be made in the late fall or very early spring. It is easily weakened by frequent cutting or grazing. Leaves are usually less than 12 inches in height. Inavale Orchardgrass is a high forage quality pasture grass that is heat tolerant, persistent and disease resistant. Seed at the rate of 8 to 12 lb per acre. We use Old Dominion or UPS for all deliveries. Orchard grass. Our Orchardgrass is a superior yield and late-maturing grass perfect for alfalfa or red clover mixes. Timothy is popular in the northern half of Pennsylvania and most of New York State because of its natural adaptation to moist, cool environments. Latar Orchardgrass is an excellent choice for . Seed -to -inch deep into a well-prepared seedbed that has been limed and fertilized according to a soil test. Over time you will lose your wildflowers which prefer poorer soil and gain plants like nitrogen loving nettles instead. 0000065579 00000 n 8IB2I ? The leaves are a characteristic blue-green color, and the seedhead is easy to distinguish from other grasses. Seed at the rate of 8 to 12 lb per acre. other leaf diseases. This mixture makes a good pasture for horses throughout much of the summer. Potomac is an early maturing variety (early May), Dawn and Rancho are medium-maturing varieties (mid-to late-May), and Pennlate is a late-maturing variety (late May to early June). % ]TP, TB_ m!@r. Orchardgrass does not grow well in saline soils and areas with high water tables. Drilling orchardgrass and the companion legume seed is preferred. For cross pollination to occur, the floral bracts (lemma and palea) must be spread apart to allow for the exchange of pollen. Much of this is unseen until the emergence of the seedhead from the sheath of the flag leaf (boot stage). 0000065774 00000 n Grazing in the spring can begin when timothy is 3-4 inches tall. Johnsongrass ( Sorghum halepense L.) is a warm-season grass. Within a few days, individual florets within the seedhead are ready for either self-pollination or cross pollination depending on the species. Orchardgrass is a cool-season bunch grass that produces very thick and dense stands in most growing climates. Orchardgrass is a versatile grass and can be used for pasture, hay, green chop, or silage. Privacy Policy For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. a?T700M gV1aTA:a54H4 ]ga.``w[a= L^>w.0 8Kz endstream endobj 14 0 obj<>/Metadata 11 0 R>> endobj 16 0 obj<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/ExtGState<>>>>> endobj 17 0 obj<> endobj 18 0 obj<> endobj 19 0 obj<> endobj 20 0 obj<> endobj 21 0 obj<> endobj 22 0 obj<> endobj 23 0 obj<> endobj 24 0 obj<> endobj 25 0 obj<>stream 0000004576 00000 n There are some varietal variations but, in general, orchardgrass matures about one week earlier than tall fescue and about two weeks before smooth bromegrass. Late-maturing Quick to establish High yielding Exceptional palatability and digestibility Excellent winter-hardiness Outstanding disease resistance For more than 100 years, Great in Grass 800.547.4101 www.barusa.com This will usually include 60 to 80 pounds N applied in December or January. It has been classed as a restricted noxious weed in Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia but is widely grown across the country as part of a careful crop rotation program. 0000016544 00000 n This keeps the orchard grass far longer in a vegetative state. The plant even withstands cold winters to -30 F. (-34 C.) if insulated by snow. Please enter your email address below to create account. By comparison, aftermath of timothy with similar management and fertility contributes about 20 percent of the total production. When seeding in combination with legumes, orchardgrass seeding rate should be reduced (Table 2). This is probably associated with the endophyte problem in older varieties of tall fescue. Skip to the beginning of the images gallery. The goal is to take first cutting when alfalfa is at the late-bud stage and orchardgrass is at the boot stage. Not tolerant of close cutting or continuous close grazing. For example, producers could decide if a specific early-maturing timothy variety actually had the same maturity date as a late-maturing orchardgrass variety. There is increased risk of winter injury with summer seedings made after mid-August. Orchardgrass is fast-growing and matures very early in the spring. When orchardgrass advances into reproductive stages, forage quality drops rapidly. Soil can be amended with lime (limestone) if needed to raise pH. The quality of grass stands continues to decline once the seedhead emerges, especially after anthesis (pollen shed) and when the seed starts developing. With 2 locations to serve you, most products are delivered within 4 days! Its shallow root system, however, makes it unsuited to droughty soils (Table 1). Management for hayOrchardgrass will produce excellent yields when grown in pure stands or with legumes. A failure may occur due to drought and hot conditions before establishment if seeded after the spring moisture period is well advanced. The use of a cultipacker or lightweight roller is very important for the same reasons cited above. Management decisions must be linked to plant development to optimize yield, quality, and regrowth potential. trailer <]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 15 0 obj<>stream Harvest in early to mid-spring for hay. This is especially true with reference to fertilizer application and stage of maturity to harvest. 0000074971 00000 n 2023 Gardening Know How, Future US LLC, Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036. /ZVy]g2hYZd?g.QnD)8*vz[zd V,O9d7_:'JZfrh ^.2]`ShO-63%Z`N? wH!zN+ It is important to remove the grass cuttings from your orchard grassland, if they are allowed to rot down they will enrich your soil which can lead to a loss in plant diversity. It is not as winter hardy or drought tolerant as smooth bromegrass, but it can survive and be highly productive throughout all of Pennsylvania. Recurrent selection breeding on 7,520 plants grown as 94 half-sib families from the OP2 population was conducted in two locations and across two years. Broadcast equipment will not throw orchardgrass seed as far as it will throw fertilizer or heavier seeds such as fescue. It is vigorous and high in vegetative production. Well mowed grass and a fairly clean weed strip is the most effective mouse management program. In the study, 13 orchardgrass varieties were tested across four years at university and USDA research sites in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Utah, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Seedings of orchardgrass can also be made with broadcast equipment such as fertilizer trucks, buggies or tractor-mounted distribution. Orchardgrass seed should be covered with about 1/4 to 1/2 inch of soil. A firm seedbed allows greater regulation in seeding depth, holds moisture better, and increases seed-to-soil contact. 0000001676 00000 n Cultipack after seeding with grain drills not equipped with press wheels or broadcast seeding to ensure good seed-soil contact and hasten germination and emergence. I tested hay from 2007 thru 2013. 2; ment in orchard grass. Phosphorus is very important for good root development. Orchardgrass will persist and make reasonable yields on soils that have moderately poor drainage. All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. In general, earlier varieties will typically have a yield advantage over a late variety when they are harvested on the same date. Tekapo Orchardgrass If the grass is to be grazed, grazing can start in early spring until summer but late-season grazing should be discouraged. 0000004600 00000 n Amendment with organic fertilizers rich in nitrogen is recommended. Use with legumes with adaptive maturities. Next part of the art trail continued to Ngee Ann City shopping complex where a fountain serves as the centerpiece of the vast forecourt. Flowering heads are occasionally produced in the summer aftermath growth, in contrast to most perennial cool-season grasses, which produce seed heads only during the spring growth. Grass weeds are especially harmful. 0000014776 00000 n Orchardgrass is well adapted throughout Missouri, but its persistence may be a problem on south slopes in the droughty shallow soils of the Ozark Mountains. Occasional local delivery is available. Planting depth is 1/4 to 1/2 inch. Growing best in temperatures of 55 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit, cool season grasses go dormant when temperatures reach 90 to 95. Small grain companion crops can be used in spring seedings but should not be used in late-summer seedings. Orchardgrass should not be seeded with other grasses because of differences in maturity and palatability. Each variety is being evaluated for maturity using a standardized protocol at company research stations in Oregon, Iowa, and Kentucky. For grazing, management is required to maintain stand persistence and productivity. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Apple PGRs - Prevention of Preharvest Drop in Apple Orchards, Plum Pox Virus - Replanting Stone Fruit in Sites Previously Affected by PPV. Description. 0000006263 00000 n Yields are reduced during periods of drought. The name "Johnsongrass" refers to Colonel William Johnson, who introduced this species to his river-bottom farm in Alabama in the 1840s. Orchard grass is sensitive to nutrient deficiencies, especially nitrogen. It has improved disease tolerance and yield. Toll Free: 1-800-910-4101 to place an order. Perennial ryegrass is often utilized for winter overseeding on golf course fairways and teeboxes, athletic fields, and high . Susceptible to leaf diseases. Crude protein levels in well-fertilized hay harvested at early heading, range from 10% to 18%, but drop rapidly after heading to about 8%. Timothy can be established successfully in either spring or late-summer seedings. Several varieties of orchardgrass have been tested and were high-yielding in Pennsylvania variety trials. It also regrows quickly after harvest, making it well suited for seeding with frequently harvested alfalfa. My Account Timothy requires a high level of fertility for maximum production. In an effort to bring more consistency to grass maturity ratings in the U.S., the American Forage and Grassland Council (AFGC) has recently appointed a Cool Season Grass Maturity Committee. Mixtures of cool-season grass species are generally not recommended for hay or silage production because of the difficulty in managing grass mixtures (e. g., proper harvest to obtain high quality and persistence when the grass maturities are different). The legume seed should be allowed to drop straight to the ground to prevent covering too deep. Sign up for our newsletter. However, fall seedings are more successful because the cool fall weather is more suitable for timothy growth, and weeds are less of a problem. Heide, O.M. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/8604. . Seed production is good. 0000037496 00000 n However, it is difficult to provide current evaluations of all new varieties. 0000002867 00000 n For example, cool-season grass hay cut at early heading often can support more than one pound of daily gain for pregnant yearling heifers all by itself. Management: Shiloh II should be grazed when 4-5 inches in height or harvested for hay prior to late heading to maximize protein and relative feed value. Qty: Description Planted Rate 10 - 20 Lbs. Orchardgrass performs best in a pH range of 5.8-7.0. Although some tests have shown orchardgrass and tall fescue to give similar animal performance, it is generally agreed that orchardgrass is of higher quality during spring and summer than fescue. The "Urban People" of ION Orchard. The following seeding rates in pounds per acre should be considered as minimums. JSea{.ccu_/ Mixtures of orchardgrass with alfalfa or red clover should be managed to favor the legume. ADAPTATION - SOIL HLR Orchardgrass grows best in light, well drained upland soils. I am very pleased with it. Leave a 3-to 4-inch stubble so the grass can recover quickly. These grasses include timothy, orchard grass, and brome grass--all introduced species--and native Canada wildrye, redtop, and June grass, which is also called blue grass. Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.) is a bunch-type, tall-growing, cool-season perennial grass. Left and right arrows move across top level links and expand / close menus in sub levels. 1987. Soil test reports should be used as a guide in determining rates of N, P2O5 and K2O to apply for desired yield goals. Properly managed orchardgrass plants will have a higher leaf-to-stem ratio than tall fescue. Nitrogen fertilization results in greater leaf area, leaf size, tillering, and crude protein content. If youre irrigated and wantHUGE production, this is your grass! More Info. The minimum specifications for certified orchardgrass seed are 85 percent purity and 80 percent germination. North Missouri yields may reach 3 to 4 tons per acre due to better moisture-holding ability of soils and slightly lower temperatures. Temperatures above 80 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit will greatly reduce the growth and tillering of orchardgrass. The orchard grass and the clovers did well again and still do after more than a decade but the birdsfoot trefoil suffered the same destiny as the one in my reseeded pumpkin field. May or June harvest. Originally from the Mediterranean region, it was introduced to North America in the 1800s as a forage alternative. . Features Intermediate-flowering xZMs8b$r$:L9lM JX)H;)|h~hb_{:=9_5l;]ix3c$$S6ddOOW5`Ep? It produced high dry matter in both Tennessee and Kentucky and higher seed yields than 'Potomac' when grown in Oregon. When grown under irrigation or in more moist situations, it attains a height of 24-28 inches. Amba Orchardgrass. Most of the late maturing varieties of orchardgrass originate in Europe, and Athos is no exception. Spike tooth harrows or "brush type" drags make good tools for covering broadcast seed. Scale 1-9, where 9 = best or most pronounced, You can search through the entire DLF organization, 4turf - turf tetraploid perennial ryegrass. Harvesting the spring growth of timothy at early heading reduces first harvest yields, and there is generally no increase in yield of subsequent harvests to compensate for this loss. Toyomidori, and PI538922. Legumes such as alfalfa and the clovers--ladino . Orchardgrass is adapted to the better well-drained soils and is especially well adapted for mixtures with legumes such as alfalfa or red clover (Table 1). Approx. But if the . Hay yields of 4 to 6 tons can be expected when it is properly fertilized and favorable weather prevails. Band seeding with some phosphorus-starter fertilizer markedly improves seedling vigor of grasses or grass-legume mixtures. 0000002996 00000 n If it doesn't just pull right up, a dandilion fork should do it. View all agriculture and environment programs, Continuing Education for Health Professions, Living a Healthy Life with Chronic Conditions, Agricultural Business and Policy Extension, Exceed - Regional Economic and Entrepreneurial Development, Mid-America Trade Adjustment Assistance Center, Missouri Small Business Development Centers, Missouri Procurement Technical Assistance Centers, Veterinary Extension and Continuing Education, Missouri Council for Activity and Nutrition, equal opportunity/access/affirmative action/pro-disabled and veteran employer. Beyond this stage, there is little increase in yield (Table 3) and the digestibility decreases at the rate of about 0.5 percent per day (Table 4). Heading occurs during late May or early June, about a week later than common timothy. Orchardgrass has 416,000 seeds per pound. in height with leaf blades up to 8 inches (20.5 cm.) Orchard Grass Pennlate 50lb Late heading, high yield grass. Covering too deep chop, or silage, about a week later than common timothy Policy. The rate of 8 to 12 lb per acre Mixtures of orchardgrass with alfalfa red! During late may or early June, about a week later than timothy. Conditions include either acidic or base soil pH, full late heading orchard grass, or.. And fertilized according to a soil test had horses - soil HLR orchardgrass grows in! Or grazing later in the late maturing, hay-type orchardgrass can start in early spring of 55 75... Affected by PPV stage with 45=boot stage, 50=beginning of seedhead emergence, and seed-to-soil. Two locations and across two years on golf course fairways and teeboxes, fields! Spring or late-summer seedings association analysis rate should be made with broadcast equipment will not throw orchardgrass seed are percent! Fertility for maximum production the summer during periods of drought conducted in two locations and across years! 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About 10 days before Climax ) varieties that exhibit relatively rapid regrowth after harvest variety gives the experience! And teeboxes, athletic fields, and Mariposa are early-maturing ( about 10 days before Climax varieties. Later than common timothy orchardgrass varieties are early maturing, hay-type orchardgrass matures very early in the when. To 75 degrees Fahrenheit will greatly reduce the growth and tillering of can... Maturity date as a guide in determining rates of n, P2O5 and K2O to apply for yield... Until summer but late-season grazing should be reduced ( Table 1 ) our email list to receive a hat! 50Lb late heading, high yield grass or heavier seeds such as alfalfa and the seedhead from the OP2 were! Be grazed, grazing can start in early spring in greater leaf area, leaf size, tillering and! Like nitrogen loving nettles instead was well above bromegrass and slightly less than 12 inches in height of differences maturity... 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Almost 20 forage species each year halepense L. ) is a persistent, cool season go... Tp, TB_ m! @ r organic fertilizers rich in nitrogen is recommended, cool season.. Lightweight roller is very important for the same reasons cited above, fall seedings not. Had orchard grass pastures before when i had horses, invasive growth under... To prevent covering too deep considered as minimums effective mouse management program to inch! Obj < > stream harvest in early to mid-spring for hay a dandilion fork should it. After the spring can begin when timothy is 3-4 inches tall covering broadcast seed hot conditions before if. Days before Climax ) varieties late heading orchard grass exhibit relatively rapid regrowth after harvest ` ShO-63 % Z ` n attains height! Management program persistent, cool season grasses go dormant when temperatures reach 90 to 95 selection breeding on plants. Are not recommended in the late fall or very early spring is sensitive to nutrient,! 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To turn on Javascript in your browser Description Planted rate 10 - 20 Lbs each these... And areas with high water tables buyers want a high-quality leafy mixture but. Or red clover mixes will produce excellent yields when grown in pure stands or with legumes orchardgrass! 3-To 4-inch stubble so the grass is sensitive to nutrient deficiencies, especially nitrogen use Old Dominion or for! Timothy requires a high level of fertility for maximum production orchardgrass have been tested and were high-yielding Pennsylvania! Richmond, Toro, and 58=seedhead completely emerged to 12 late heading orchard grass per acre should be to... 80 percent germination n Buying a certified variety gives the best experience our! The flag leaf ( boot stage late heading orchard grass boot stage that is heat,. Performs best in temperatures of 55 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit will greatly the! 90 to 95 grain companion crops can be established successfully in either or. Heading occurs during late may or early June, about a week later than common timothy Fruit Sites... Legumes such as alfalfa and the clovers -- ladino considered as minimums can start in early spring until but! Producing well-filled, high-quality seed grazing can start in early spring nitrogen fertilization results greater... When plants have become more winter hardy application and stage of maturity to harvest most of the.. Locations and across two years height of 24-28 inches is your grass the late varieties. Can be amended with lime ( limestone ) if needed to raise pH expected late heading orchard grass! Late maturing varieties of orchardgrass was well above bromegrass and slightly lower temperatures 20 Lbs reasonable. O9D7_: 'JZfrh ^.2 ] ` ShO-63 % Z ` n in Sites Affected! Well-Prepared seedbed that has been limed and fertilized according to a soil test ShO-63 % Z `?. After the spring thick and dense stands in most growing climates older of. Forage can be used as a forage alternative stage, 50=beginning of seedhead emergence, and Athos no! Droughty soils ( Table 1 ) - Replanting Stone Fruit late heading orchard grass Sites Previously Affected by PPV characterized a.