In Shakespearean Baby Names the meaning of the name Octavia is: Antony and Cleopatra'. where she died. Mark Antony served with distinction as a cavalry commander inJudaeaandEgypt. Lavinia is a charmingly prim and proper Victorian-sounding name which actually dates back to classical mythology, where it was the name of the wife of the Trojan hero Aeneas, who was considered the mother of the Roman people. [11] For example, in the spring of 37 BC, while pregnant with her daughter Antonia Minor, she was considered essential to an arms deal held at Tarentum, in which Antony and Augustus agreed to aid each other in their Parthian and Sicilian campaigns. who returned to Cleopatra in Alexandria. Other resources on A mother and a wise woman all at once, she is blessed by the gift of poetic wisdom, inspiration, and prophecy, called collectively Awen in Welsh lore. Indeed, Virgils audience may have responded to the tragedy of Dido in the Aeneid by thinking of another North African queen Cleopatra (69-30 BC), with whom both Julius Caesar and Mark Antony had flings. Ancient Greek mythology is a vast and fascinating group of legends about gods and goddesses, heroes and monsters, warriors and fools, that were an important part of everyday life in the ancient world. Although Octavia brought troops and money to him (35), he refused to see her, and in 32 he obtained a divorce. This is one of the earliest Roman myths. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. . She is the daughter of Hecate, the goddess of Maigc and Witchcraft from Greek Mythology and legacy of Isis goddess of medicine, from Egyptian Mythology, and currently attends Ever After High through the Mythology Program. Octavia spent much of her childhood travelling with her parents. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. After his death, she devoted herself to raising not Gnaeus Octavius Ruso, quaestor in 105 BC under Marius, and praetor in an uncertain year prior to 91. When a person died, the soul would be sent to Hades, a more formal name for the underworld. 6.884]. Auden was rather unsympathetic to Virgil in his poem Secondary Epic (1959): Not even the first of the Romans can learn. Copyright 20102023, The Conversation US, Inc. Octavia, byname Octavia Minor, (born c. 69 bcdied 11 bc), full sister of Octavian (later the emperor Augustus) and wife of Mark Antony. But although we find so marked differences in the use of the numerals as names, it is impossible to believe that this use did not arise in the same way for all; that is, that they were at first used to distinguish children by the order of birth. Cleopatra was the name of Alexander the Great's sister, as well as Cleopatra Alcyone, wife of Meleager in Greek mythology. Virgils own death before the final completion of the poem in 19 BC added a further element of debate. Octavia, having been in Rome since 37, was sent to Antony by Octavian in 35. Agasaya (Semetic) - An early Middle Eastern Goddess, whose role was later usurped by Ishtar. Potter, David S., The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180-395 (2004), pg. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. Artemis (Greek) - This virgin goddess stood up for her rights to chastity and to live according to her own values. That was the last time she saw her husband, who returned to Cleopatra in Alexandria. For instance, mythological figures and events appear in the 5th-century plays of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides and the lyric poems of Pindar. The Theogony, composed by Hesiod around 700 BCE, is an early Greek epic. They were granted sacrosanctitas, meaning it was illegal to verbally insult them. She is an aspect of the goddess Morrigan. After the death of her son Marcellus in 23, she withdrew from public life. He was an astonishingly well-read poet, and this breadth of learning is embodied in his poems. Human heroes including Heracles (aka Hercules), the adventurer who performed 12 impossible labors for King Eurystheus (and was subsequently worshipped as a god for his accomplishment); Pandora, the first woman, whose curiosity brought evil to mankind; Pygmalion, the king who fell in love with an ivory statue; Arachne, the weaver who was turned into a spider for her arrogance; handsome Trojan prince Ganymede who became the cupbearer for the gods; Midas, the king with the golden touch; and Narcissus, the young man who fell in love with his own reflection are just as significant. Mahlon H. Smith Auden certainly felt that Virgil traded in his poetic respectability (your political turn" "a Muse betrayed). [22] Augustus declined some other honors decreed to her by the senate, for reasons unknown. There was also an early Roman depiction of Dido by Gnaeus Naevius (270-201 BC) in his epic The Punic War. Greek Text Theogony. In the Roman Empire, Octavia was the sister of Octavian who was married to Mark Antony (as a . They spent the afterlife with her in the land of Folkvangr. Many of these creatures have become almost as well known as the gods, goddesses and heroes who share their stories.. maternal grandmother of Claudius. , proper name, from Latin, from Octavius, from octavus "eighth," from octo (see eight ). Plutarch, Parallel phoenix, in ancient Egypt and in Classical antiquity, a fabulous bird associated with the worship of the sun. This meant they could freely manage their own finances. Aeneass quest, then, is both a new mission to a new land and a return to the ancestral land of the first Trojan. The last of these, Aeneass journey into the Underworld in Aeneid 6, fundamentally influenced the poet Dantes (1265-1321) own narrative of life after death. . The opposing armies broke up after the deaths of both consuls, and Antony was joined by Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Lucius Munatius Plancus with their armies. & Ptolemy. She became sole caretaker of their children,[16] except for Antyllus who was already with his father in the East. The final scene of the Aeneid tends to polarise critical views on the basic thrust of the poem. masc. n., consul in 128 BC; according to, Gaius Octavius C. f. C. n., the grandfather of Augustus, possessed considerable property, and lived quietly in his villa at Velitrae. The Aeneid by the Roman poet Virgil is an epic poem in 12 books that tells the story of the foundation of Rome from the ashes of Troy. So Dante characterizes Sinon, painting a picture not incompatible with Virgil's depiction of the Greek deceiver in the Aeneid.According to Aeneas (Aeneid 2), Sinon is a villainous pretender who tricks the guileless Trojans into accepting the Trojan Horse.Aeneas wastes no time recounting Sinon's disingenuous rhetoric and feigned victimhood. . [1], Most of the Octavii of the Republic were descended from Gnaeus Octavius Rufus, who had two sons, Gnaeus and Gaius. After this Caesar left him in charge of Italy during the Spanish campaign. There is no single original text, like the Christian Bible or the Hindu Vedas, that introduces all Greek myths characters and stories. He failed to do this and was probably removed from his post in 47; he was without employment until 44, when he became consul as colleague and later priest (flamen) of Caesar. 1406-58). Lu'scius. God of War. Thus it would be a mistake to reduce Virgils Dido to some kind of re-creation of Homers Calypso, or Circe, or Nausicaa (all from the Odyssey). The Egyptian phoenix was said to be as large as an eagle, with brilliant scarlet and gold plumage and a melodious cry. She is depicted with four arms, in one she carries a sword and another the head of a demon. Aeneas seems to mull over an act of clemency, but in a sudden fit of rage he kills Turnus on the spot. Indeed his whole quest is really to unravel the mysteries of fate, and then duly to act upon them. On several occasions she acted as a political advisor and negotiator between her husband and brother. This man was leader in a war with a neighbouring town, and when news of a sudden onset of the enemy was brought to him just as he chanced to be sacrificing to Mars, he snatched the entrails of the victim from the fire and offered them up half raw; and thus he went forth to battle, and returned victorious. Oppia'nicus, Oppia'nicus After Caesars assassination, he became a triumvir and gained control of Romes eastern provinces. Professor of Classics, La Trobe University. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. ("Agamemnon", "Hom. The gens Octavia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome, which was raised to patrician status by Caesar during the first century BC. Guide to the classics: Homer's Iliad. Presumably, Octavia continued to live with her husband from the time of their marriage (she would have been between 12 and 15 when they married)[5] to her husband's death. The most famous example is Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres's 1812 painting Virgil reading The Aeneid before Augustus, Livia and Octavia but other artists, including Jean-Joseph Taillasson, Antonio Zucchi, Jean-Baptiste Wicar, Jean-Bruno Gassies and Angelica Kaufmann, have also been inspired to depict this scene. Gaius Octavius Cn. She had won over her brother's advisers Agrippa and Maecenas and convinced him to renew their aliance. Apart from their undoubted mutual affection, their alliance was politically useful. Usually arrives in 2-5 Days, Octavia Books | New Orleans, Louisiana - Independent Bookstore, Robert Mugge - NOTES FROM THE ROAD: A Filmmaker's Journey through American Music - in conversation with Ren Coman, Rob Verchick - THE OCTOPUS IN THE PARKING GARAGE, Brittany N. Williams - THAT SELF-SAME METAL. . All Rights Reserved. What was Mark Antonys relationship to Cleopatra? [1] Balbus was a common surname, referring to one who stammers, while Naso is thought to refer to someone with a prominent nose. Over the following two centuries, the Octavii held many of the highest offices of the state; but the most celebrated of the family was Gaius Octavius, the grandnephew and adopted son of Caesar, who was proclaimed Augustus by the senate in 27 BC.[1]. Othryoneus, Otre'ra Pax - (Roman) - She was the personification of peace in Roman mythology. Octavia died of natural causes. Octavia was the daughter of Gaius Octavius and his second wife, Atia. Virgil follows suit in the Aeneid, but offers a much more complex notion of the heroic return. Minerva(Roman) Roman equivalent of the goddess Athena. Lavinia Continued Zora Origin: Serbo-Croatian Meaning: "dawn" Description: Where Boudicca the Queen of the Iceni tribe, battled against the invading Romans after they had raped her daughters. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. Lucius Octavius, detected in adultery by Gaius Memmius, and punished by him. When you buy through our . The first member of the gens to achieve prominence was Gnaeus Octavius Rufus, quaestor circa 230 BC. [2] Octavia was born in Nola, present-day Italy; her father, a Roman governor and senator, died in 59 BC from natural causes. The Aeneid is written in dactylic hexameters, the same metre as the two Homeric poems - the Iliad and Odyssey (although it is written in Latin, not in ancient Greek). Mr. Castagno's knowledge of Greek history, mythology and geography, along with his superb writing skills are clearly illustrated in "Octavia and the Greek Key". 700 BC) was a highly skilled oral poet who used this expertise to create his story, whereas Virgil (70-19 BC) lived in a thoroughly literate society. Olympian deities looked like men and women (though they could change themselves into animals and other things) and were as many myths recounted vulnerable to human foibles and passions.. Other gods and goddesses sometimes included in the roster of Olympians are: Greek mythology does not just tell the stories of gods and goddesses, however. Octavia Books | 513 Octavia St, New Orleans, LA 70115 | 504-899-7323, Not in stock. She was also consulted in regard to, and in some versions advised, that Augustus's daughter Julia marry Agrippa after her mourning for Marcellus ended. Od. Orpheus and Eurydice. Virgil holds a volume of The Aeneid in a mosaic from the 3rd century AD, on display in the Bardo Museum in Tunis, Tunisia. Updated: July 21, 2022 | Original: December 2, 2009. A long-prepared attack on Parthia in 36 failed, with heavy lossesit was Antony's first military failure. One of the great tragic love stories from Greek mythology, the tale of the musician Orpheus and his lover Eurydice features the Underworld. The past and the future often seem entangled in all kinds of ways, and then there is the question of Virgils own political outlook. Octavia was born around 66 BC. There is every reason to think that Virgils Aeneid became a classic as soon as it was written and published. Unfortunately, Helen is already married to the Spartan king Menelaus, and so the Trojan war follows soon after. Nike(Greek) Personification of victory in both battle and peaceful competitions. [12] She was hailed as a "marvel of womankind. Venus wins the Judgement by giving a bribe to Paris, a Trojan prince who acts as judge. only her own daughters but also Antony's children by his first When Antony returned to the East (36 BCE), Suetonius says she died in Augustus' 54th year, thus 11 BC with Roman inclusive counting. In Latin Baby Names the meaning of the name Octavia is: Born Eighth. Angelica Kauffmann/Hermitage/Wikimedia Commons, Jean-Baptiste Wicar/Chicago Art Institute/Wikimedia Commons. [3][4][5], This story is not improbable in itself, but since neither Livy nor Dionysius mention the Octavii when they speak of Velitrae, and the Octavii do not appear in history till the latter half of the third century BC, the tradition connecting them with the Roman kings may be safely rejected. His grandfather, one of the leading orators of his day, was a consul and censor who was vividly portrayed as a speaker inCicerosDe oratore(55). by SheKnows is a part of Penske Media Corporation. The Roman Goddess list contains names and attributes of over fifty Roman Goddesses. dispute Seneca's version, as Octavia publicly opened the Library of Marcellus, dedicated in his memory, while her brother completed the Marcellus's theatre in his honor. "[13] In 35 BC, after Antony suffered a disastrous campaign in Parthia, she brought fresh troops, provisions, and funds to Athens. Perhaps the same person mentioned in one of Cicero's letters to, Octavia M. f., possibly sister of the two above and wife of. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Priam wanted to use Helen as a bargain to retrieve his sister. ("Agamemnon", "Hom. You may also choose to call upon the Warrior to champion the cause of others. The English poet W.H. When Octavian arrived in Alexandria (summer 30), first Antony and then Cleopatra committedsuicide. Scholars, poets and critics, often against a background of modern wars (such as WWII or Vietnam), have agonised over the question of Virgils own attitude to war and the Augustan imperial agenda, which receives some considerable attention at critical moments in the Aeneid. By a Senatorial decree, Octavia married Mark Antony in October 40 BC, as his fourth wife (his third wife Fulvia having died shortly before). In early November, Octavianat this point leading the consular armiesmet Antony and Lepidus in Bononia (present-day Bologna). After initial skirmishes, Antony and Octavian were reconciled at Brundisium (present-day Brindisi) and, since Fulvia had died in the meantime, Antony married Octavians sister, Octavia. All Rights Reserved. Corrections? Revealing the history behind mythologies. William Smith. Nemain - (Irish) This war goddess represents the blood thirsty frenzy and chaos of war. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. The characters, stories, themes and lessons of Greek mythology have shaped art and literature for thousands of years. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Lepidus, who had earlier been confined to Africa, was allowed to keep it. but Seneca may wish to show off his rhetorical skill with hyperbole, rather than adhere to fact. The Book of Martha by Octavia Butler portrays a black woman . Lives: Antony Many parts of the Aeneid have influenced Western literature and art: especially the sack of Troy and Aeneas departure from it (Book 2); the tragedy of Dido (Books 1, 4 and 6); and his journey to the Underworld (Book 6). As consul and lupercus, one of the celebrants of the festival of the Lupercalia (a fertility festival early in the year), he offered Caesar a diadema ribbon signifying royaltywhich Caesar, pressured by the citizens open distaste for monarchy, refused to accept. Marcus Octavius Ligur, father-in-law of Publius Luicus Gamala. He fled from Rome to Caesars headquarters after receiving threats of violence. Marcus Octavius Cn. Octavius Graecinus, one of the generals of, Lucius Octavius Naso, left his estate to Lucius Flavius, praetor. Some of the best books related to Greek mythology include "The Song of Achilles," "Lore," and "Circe." Amazon; Bookshop; Alyssa Powell/Insider. Lucius Octavius L. f. Rufus, a contemporary of Augustus, was, Gaius Octavius Lampadio, a grammarian, who divided the poem of. When Marcellus died of illness in 23 BC unexpectedly, Augustus was thunderstruck, Octavia disconsolate almost beyond recovery. You are my master, and my author: you alone are the one from whom I learnt the high style that has brought me honour. [both named Antonia]. [1] Augustus, in his memoirs, mentioned that his father was a novus homo with no senatorial background. Instead, the earliest Greek myths were part of an oral tradition that began in the Bronze Age, and their plots and themes unfolded gradually in the written literature of the archaic and classical periods of the ancient Mediterranean world. (Aphrodite in Greek mythology) and Anchises, a Trojan aristocrat. Marcius was in charge of educating Octavia and her brother Octavian, later known as Augustus. The shadow side of this goddess asks you to reflect honestly on the cost of any victory. Writers such as the 2nd-century BC Greek mythographer Apollodorus of Athens and the 1st-century BC Roman historian Gaius Julius Hyginus compiled the ancient myths and legends for contemporary audiences. O, glory and light to other poets, may that long study, and the great love, that made me scan your work, be worth something now. Octavian and Marc Antony were bitter rivals. Eirene(Greek) - This Greek goddess of peace. BCE), his first In the Roman Empire, Octavia was the sister of Octavian who was married to Mark Antony (as a political alliance). , Your current position in the text is marked in blue. Antony's public liaison, Octavia remained a loyal wife & options are on the right side and top of the page. When Octavian had problems in Italy and the West in 37, Antony met him at Tarentum, supplied him with ships, and agreed to renew the triumvirate for another five years. Vesta and Julio-Claudian women in imperial propaganda., This page was last edited on 25 March 2023, at 17:51. Athena(Greek) - A great battle strategist, however she disliked pointless wars and preferred to use her wisdom to settle disputes. Durga(Hindu) Fierce, demon fighting goddess and protector. la la Major va nixer a Roma l'any 43 aC. It must be stressed, however, that in Virgils case, we are dealing with someone who was totally immersed in Greek and Roman literature, rhetoric and philosophy not just the works of Homer. See more. Octavia dutifully accompanied him to his mansion in Greece but fell ill & Octavia the Younger (Latin: Octavia Minor; c. 66 BC 11 BC) was the elder sister of the first Roman Emperor, Augustus (known also as Octavian), the half-sister of Octavia the Elder, and the fourth wife of Mark Antony. The warrior goddess represents physical strength, and the ability to protect and fight for your rights and those of others. After Caesars murder, Antony gained possession of the treasury and of Caesars papers, which he used (and perhaps supplemented) to his own advantage. 15 Mar. Before 54 bc Octavia was married to Gaius Marcellus, by whom she had two daughters and a son. Homer (ca. Her battle cry alone had the power to kill. 1873 - probably the printing date. In this sense the criticism of Virgil of plagiarising Homer, or quasi-plagiarism, seems rather unreasonable. This marriage had to be approved by the Senate, as she was pregnant with her first husband's child, and was a politically motivated attempt to cement the uneasy alliance between her brother Octavian and Mark Antony; however, Octavia does appear to have been a loyal and faithful wife to Antony. It describes in detail the beginnings of the cosmos, the origins and genealogies of the gods, and the events leading up to the rise of Zeus and the Olympians. In 42 Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus, defeated in two battles at Philippi (Macedonia) in which Antony distinguished himself as commander, killed themselves and, with these acts, the republican cause. The poet Homers 8th-century BC epics, The Iliad and The Odyssey, for example, tell the story of the Trojan War as a divine conflict as well as a human one. For instance, he deserts Dido (in Book 4) because Jupiter reminds him through the god Mercury that Italy is meant to be his fated home, not Carthage in North Africa. The sudden and brutal end of the poem precipitated various sequels, most famously a Supplement to Aeneid Book 12 by the humanist cleric Maffeo Vegio (ca. Octavian. [9] Between 40 and 36 BC, she travelled with Antony to various provinces and lived with him in his Athenian mansion. 389, Virgil reading The Aeneid before Augustus, Livia and Octavia, "St. Melania (the Younger)." They afterwards passed over to the plebeians, until the patrician rank was again conferred upon them by Caesar. And the Aeneid itself (9,883 lines) works out to about three lines a day. In 50 he was elected to the politically influential priesthood of the augurs, defeating Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus. an American Theological Baby Names That Give Off a Coastal Grandmother Vibe, Beautiful, Angelic Baby Names That Mean Miracle, A Fascinating New Study Reveals the Best (and Worst!) Badb(Irish) - A shape- shifting goddess who symbolizes life, death, wisdom and inspiration. Aelius Donatus, in his Life of Vergil, states that Virgil, recited three whole books [of his Aeneid] for Augustus: the second, fourth, and sixththis last out of his well-known affection for Octavia, who (being present at the recitation) is said to have fainted at the lines about her son, " You shall be Marcellus" [Aen. The triumvirs had agreed to divide the empire, so Antony proceeded to take up the administration of the eastern provinces. Octavius C. f. Balbus, the son of the proscribed Gaius Octavius Balbus, who rushed to his house when he heard that his son was to be put to death. 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