north korea national emblem

What does the North Korean flag look like? The same KPA cap badge as with the army flag is present with a larger gold wreath and an anchor on top. Some of the symbols of North Korea the nati The national emblem of Korea is called Gukga Munjang or Gukjang. The local communist leader, Kim Il-sung, was able to impose his will on the North Koreans during 46 years of rule. This is now the current North Korea flag that we see today. You can see our blog about the North Korean Military here, but what about the meaning behind those flags? Feel free to get in contact with us if you have anymore enquiries. The domain for North Korea is .kp and the country code is +850. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). North Korea is known for Tower of the Juche Idea and the Grand People's Study House, as well as the Korea Art Gallery Where is North Korea located? The mountain is an important symbol of power and legitimacy of the Kim family dynasty in North Korean propaganda,[1] and is especially identified with Kim Jong-il because it is where official narratives place his birth. Eng: Let us defend the headquarters of the revolution headed by the great Comrade Kim Jong Il with our lives! The President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly represents the State and receives the credentials and letters of recall of diplomatic representatives accredited by foreign countries. The North Korea flag chosen was a very different design to the last one back then. [34] The Order of Kim Il-sung and the Order of Kim Jong-il are the highest orders of merit of the country. The Korean Peoples Navy Flag is white with a broad blue stripe and two thin blue stripes with the Korean Peoples Army emblem at the centre. According to the President Kim Il Sung: The red colour of the flag symbolises the anti-Japanese fervour, the red blood shed by the Korean patriots and the invincible might of our people firmly united to support the Republic. Among them, the name, emblem, flag and anthem are known to have been created when the country was established. The national mausoleum of North Korea is Mausoleum of Tangun, and the country's national hero is Kim Jong-suk. Worker Peasant Red Guards ", Article 169 of the Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1972, amended 2013)[3], The emblem features the Sup'ung dam under Mount Paektu and a power line as the escutcheon. To emphasize the significance of nature, North Korea has selected a few forces of nature as national symbols. Find out all that and a lot more here! What does Koryo have to do with Mongolia? Above the words are seven stars forming the "Big Dipper" (Ursa Major, or Big Bear) constellation. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, Flags, Symbols, & Currencies of North Korea, American Civilians Arrested And Held By North Korea, 13 Most Incredible Recent Archaeological Discoveries, These Are the Most Beautiful Cities In New York, The Best Small Towns To Retire In Southern California, The 9 Most Picturesque Small Towns In Arizona, Anthem Title: Aegukka (The Patriotic Song). The traditional flag of Korea, the Taegukgi, and the symbol Taeguk, were swapped for socialist symbols. The North Korean flag is blue, white, and red. The ratio of the width to the length is 1:2. 76 Caoyuan Hutong.Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100027, PR China, 76A 409 , It features a white background with a light blue map of Korea. The main reason for being abolished was so that foreigners could directly use their currency, especially the euro. | The northern part of Korea saw the establishment of a communist government following Soviet occupation of the country in 1945. A variant of the emblem printed by the Foreign Languages Publishing House in 1960, showing the generic mountain range, as well as the design of the dam typical of the post-1993 standard. Apply within! Like many other countries, North Korea has utilized its flag as an instrument of foreign policy; a huge version flies outside the small building at Panmunjm where armistice negotiations were held. Join one of our many Group Adventures through the Central-Asian Stans (including Afghanistan), or let us plan an independent trip for you from our office Almaty, Kazakhstan. [16], The national flower is the Magnolia sieboldii. The National Emblem of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is the coat of arms of North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The six most beautiful North Korean Women celebrities ranked by North Korean locals, A new blog series on language in the DPRK, The origins of the Korean phrase Hamhung Messenger (), Impress the locals with these popular tunes. The predecessor to the Workers Party also had a flag the Workers Party of North Korea was a short-lived political party which later merged with its southern counterpart to form the WPK. It features a hydroelectric plant and the design was,[2] much like the flag,[3] probably commissioned by the Soviets. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The red stripe in the middle represents the peoples courage, determination, and love for their country. The country's average elevation is 400 m (1,312 ft), whereas the country's terrain can be defined as; Mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys; coastal plains wide in west, discontinuous in east. Who is the national poet of North Korea? From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Browse through our extensive North Korean group tour schedule to find a group tour that best suits you and your budget. Emblem at the fence of the North Korean embassy in Prague, Czech Republic. The national colors of the country are Red, white and blue.The emoji flag of the country is , and the ISO code is PRK. The date of the armys founding is emblazoned in the top left of the red stripe 4.25 (April 25th). Prominent features on the emblem are a red star, a hydroelectric plant (the Sup'ung dam) and Mount Paektu. Each flag has a different design on the reverse. coat of arms. Official emblem of North Korea's newly-named space agency, the National Aerospace Development Administration. We have also made it possible for various media and film companies to visit and film not only in North Korea, but to many other of our destinations. Join one of our Worldwide Adventures to places as diverse as Cuba, The Philippines, Cambodia, Nepal, or Antarctica, with off the wall places your mother would rather you stayed away from being added all the time. The chosen motif: the Sup'ung hydroelectric plant was built by the Imperial Japanese during their colonial rule over the Korean Peninsula, and as such could be not comfortable as symbol of national pride for nationalistic Koreans. [29] Both are inscribed on UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. [17] Within North Korea, the flower can be found everywhere except for North Hamgyong Province, Ryanggang Province and Chagang Province. The white background with the Yin-yang symbol in the centre surrounded by four trigrams remained the symbol for Korea even under Japanese occupation. | KTG Tours | it is the official philosophy of North Korea (DPRK). A red stripe in the centre with two blue stripes at the top and bottom separated from the red with white stripes. The North Korea flag can be displayed both vertically and horizontally. On December 6th, 1947, the won became North Korea's official currency replacing the Korean yen. It features a hydroelectric plant and the design was, [2] much like the flag, [3] probably commissioned by the Soviets. "Nada" in Spanish translates to "nothing." [3] The colors of the North Korean flag red, white and blue are considered national colors and symbolize respectively: the sacrifice of the people who fought for independence; purity, honesty, and dignity; and the revolutionary spirit of the Koreans. It features the Korean Peninsula surrounded by a pattern of ribbons and wheat identical to that of the Soviet State Emblem. And so shall you. Previously, however, the traditional Korean taegk flag of white with a central red-blue disk and four sets of black bars was official in North Korea. Perfect for ironing or sewing onto jeans, jackets, sweatshirts, vests, hats, backpacks, and more. Its design is modified from the former version in use from the founding of North Korea in 1948. When it comes to designating a sport as the official symbol, Ice hockey is considered the country's national sport. Check out our great links, or get in touch and let us plan your extension for you. Blue on either side to represent the West and East seas with the peninsula glowing in red under the light of a socialist star. The worker Peasant guards are North Koreas Paramilitary force. Please click on our North A variant of this flag has been in official use since 1883 when it was adopted by the Choson Dynasty. Some countries, such as Japan and the USA, do not officially recognise the DPRK as a country. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Whilst travel is one of the most rewarding and enjoyable ways to spend your time, arranging your travel can be complicated, stressful and difficult. It shares borders with 2 countries: China, Russia, .The people of North Korea are called North Korean. It was widely used on flags in the Soviet Union and in other communist-bloc states. Mythical creatures can be found in the literature and mythologies of many different nations. Label. National Map Of Korea, North (North Korea) National Flag Of Korea, North (North Korea) Flag Description: three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in white; on the hoist side of the red band is a white disk with a red five-pointed star; the broad red band symbolizes revolutionary traditions; the narrow white bands stands for purity, strength, and . "Revolutionary Armed Forces of the Workers Party of Korea, Korean Peoples Army Unit [number].. The other certificate which was blue/green was known as blue won; it was for visitors from capitalist countries. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Some North Korean symbols are complemented with symbols for the ruling Kim family. [18] They are both considered unofficial national flowers. The song's lyrics were written by Pak Se-yong and the song was mainly sung during the celebrations to mark the country's independence from the Japanese. Almost all flags of the world are deeply engrained with symbolism. | National Anthem Anthem Title: Aegukga (The Patriotic Song) Music composer: Eak-tai 256 of the Dz.U. [10] The post was held by Kim Yong-nam since its current inception until the 11th of April 2019 when Choe Ryong-hae took the position. It features a furnace, as opposed to a hydroelectric plant on later designs. The design is based on the motifs of the Taegeukgi flag and the Mugunghwa flower, which are national symbols. The blue portions are also overlayed with text reading: Eng: For the unification and independence of the motherland, and the freedom and happiness of the people. North Korea is divided into 9 provinces. Corrections? It has been designated as the national museum of the country. The country's national anthem was written by Pak Se-yong, and composed by Pak Se-yong. "The Great Bear reflects the will of the space scientists of the DPRK to glorify Kim Il Sung's and Kim Jong Il's Korea as a space power," KCNA reported. The official currency of North Korea is known as the won or the Korean People's won. Etymology discusses where a term is considered to have originated from and how its meaning has changed over time. In the city of Chongjin, North Korea, the night of April 15 looked like the perfect time for a caper or an act of treason. We offer low cost tours to North Korea. [14] The bird inhabits the northern and central parts of the peninsula and sometimes migrates to the southern part of the country in winter. Not surprisingly, the flag, developed for his state, is unlike those of both communist and noncommunist countries in Asia. Here's the best in North Korean cuisine. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Juche has shaped North Korea's foreign policy, Population of North Korea | KTG | North Korea information on the DPRK's age structure, religions in North Korea, languages and general statistics on life in north korea. Other North Korean flags. The present emblem of North Korea was adopted on 9 September 1948, on the Day of the Foundation of the Republic. North Korean food? In 2021, he was honored by the American Astronautical Society with the Ordway Award for Sustained Excellence in Spaceflight History. In order to have succeeded in realizing this, the South Korean regime would have had to be removed. The star is synonymous with many other communist-era flags of the world. Domestically though the North Korean flag still has pride of place and photos from events such as national day show it has not lost any of its prominence. You'll most likely find it here. History of the North Korean flag This work, created within the jurisdiction of North Korean Copyright Law (with legal jurisdiction north of the 38th parallel only), has surpassed the durations of either of the above criteria, and thus has expired from its copyright. This sacred mountain of revolution is the place of birth of Chairman Kim Jong Il. Thats righ, Young Pioneer Tours to sponsor Next Step FC for 2023-24 Season, Americans Can Travel to Syria Now 2023 Syria Travel Update. The Supreme Commander Star on a red flag. [1] Sup'ung was constructed by the Japanese and is located in what is today the border with the People's Republic of China. Click here to see our upcoming tours to North Korea or for general travel info get in touch with us! The military flags keep their basic design but replace the KPA emblem with a Workers Party emblem. It can be an animal, plant or any other thing. The national tree of North Korea is the Pine, and the highest peak is Paektu-san. The ratio of the width to the length is 1:2. The first equivalent of an emblem appeared on January 1, 1946, printed below a speech of Kim Il-sung in the newspaper Chngro. ", The NADA logo is described as representing the agency's "character, mission, position, and development prospect. [35] Cho Ki-chon is considered a national poet. Copyright 2014 collectSPACE.com. For example, during the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics, the two Koreas competed under this flag as a unified team. [7] North and South Korea have submitted it separately to UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.[7]. The country's usual climate can be described as; Temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer. By Hyonhee Shin. The Korea Times National Some media, including the Guardian in the UK, suggested that the new logo shared a resemblance to another space agency's insignia: NASA's. The disc with the star is closer to the hoist side of the flag. The familiar 4.25 and military slogan are also present. The Chollima Movement was initiated to promote rapid economic development, similar to that of the Chinese Great Leap Forward . What is the North Korea flag? Our tours are very flexible in terms of itinerary, interests and we can cater to your budget too! Neighbours of North Korea China Russia The name Goryeo itself was first used by the ancient kingdom of Goguryeo, which was considered a great power of East Asia.. An ethnicity is a group or sub-group of people who are connected based on common characteristics which may include religion, origin, language, traditions, or culture. Heres how it works. The national poet of North Korea is Cho Ki-chon. The national dress of North Korea is the The hanbok, and 9 Sep 1948 is designated as National Day. Emblem used by the Chairman of the State Affairs Commission (2016present), The national emblem of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea bears the design of a grand hydroelectric power station under Mt. Follow collectSPACE.com on Facebook and on Twitter at @collectSPACE. Prominent features on the emblem are a red star, a hydroelectric plant (the Sup'ung dam) and Mount Paektu. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, 1867, 2013, Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code, Section 335, Amendments to the Law on the Safety of Public Entertainment and Festivity Events (OP 2013/129.4), Art. KPA military officer and KTG traveller pose for a picture at the DMZ, North Korea, The backdrop you see consists of over 17,000 students. North Korea's national bird is the Northern goshawk, while its national animal is the Chollima. The flag of this civil defence force shows a red star with yellow outline (a very soviet style design) surrounded by a gold wreath on a red background. The mythical flying horse Chollima is a very important emblem for North Korea. The flag of North Korea is clearly described by Article 170 of the country's constitution. Local debit cards can be found in international hotels or the popular Pyongyang Department Store No. Yes! North Korea Economy | KTG Tours | facts and figures about the economy of North Korea. Pioneers Korea is a fully owned subsidiary of YPT, focusing on business consultancy in the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (North Korea). English. Nature is a blessing from God and we must protect it because it provides us with the oxygen and food to survive. They feature Red flag with Mount Paektu in rays in a disc with national colour outlines and a red star. Normal markets and stores use what is known as the "united" won or the free market rate to price their goods where won banknotes can now be used. The red star represents communism, red panels represent patriotism, white stripe is unification and culture, with the blue stripe representing unity. This design likely represents the ability of the unit to strike anywhere in the world through its tactical missile program. Temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer, Mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys; coastal plains wide in west, discontinuous in east. SEOUL Opposition lawmakers in South Korea criticized the leaked Pentagon documents as a major security breach and possible evidence of U.S. spying as the government of President Yoon Suk Yeol. [8] In 1972 the constitution was revised and Pyongyang designated as the capital.[9]. This page was last edited on 22 December 2022, at 19:08. North Korea is known for Tower of the Juche Idea and the Grand People's Study House, as well as the Korea Art Gallery Where is North Korea located? It is supported with ears of rice, bound with a red ribbon bearing the inscription "The Democratic People's Republic of Korea" in Chosongul characters. ", Featuring a blue globe with lighter blue intercrossing rings symbolizing orbiting satellites, the emblem is emblazoned with "DPRK NADA" and, in Korean, "Kukgaujugaebalkuk," or "National Aerospace Development Administration.". North Korea has declared Korean as the country's official language. As of 2012, those visiting North Korea and some privileged locals could pay for goods that are priced in "tied" won using a local debit card. [33], Kim Il-sung, founder and president of the modern North Korean state and his successor Kim Jong-il are considered national heroes if not personifications. Chapter VII of the Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea defines the emblem, flag, anthem and capital of North Korea, while the head of state is stipulated by article 117 of chapter VI. Description. You can read about the Peoples Republic of Korea here. If outer space is indeed a lot of nothing, than the newly named North Korean space agency may be aptly titled, albeit inadvertently. Since the WPRG is not part of the Korean Peoples Army, there is no cap badge style emblem on the flag. The Korean Peninsula was under the rule of the Korean Empire from the late 19th to the early 20th century. Have you got what it takes? It was adopted as North Korea's official currency in December 1947. Pearlman is also a contributing writer for Space.com and co-author of "Space Stations: The Art, Science, and Reality of Working in Space published by Smithsonian Books in 2018. The Socialists Womens Union was founded in 1945 and serves as a mass organization for women. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Young Pioneer Tours were the FIRST company to pioneer trips to the Unrecognised Countries of Transnistria, Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karakabh, and South Ossetia, and we now offer a number of Group Tours, and independent packages. The flag was introduced on July 10, 1948, two months before the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea was proclaimed. The name Goryeo itself was first used by the ancient kingdom of Goguryeo, which was considered a great power of East Asia. North Korea's energy crisis", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emblem_of_North_Korea&oldid=1131591243, This page was last edited on 4 January 2023, at 21:26. Showcase your national pride, country of origin, and/or cultural heritage with Cypress Collectibles' embroidered North Korea iron-on patch. Badge as with the star is closer to the length is 1:2 last one back then free to in... In new tab ) establishment of a socialist star the Ordway Award for Excellence... Unofficial national flowers won ; it was widely used on flags in the centre surrounded by a of... Designated as the won became North Korea flag that we see today where a term is north korea national emblem... Across from the title was considered a great power of East Asia was founded in 1945 different nations Pyongyang Store... Some North Korean symbols are complemented with symbols for the ruling Kim family headquarters! Pattern of ribbons and wheat identical to that of the Korean yen embroidered North Korea in 1948 same. Was for visitors from capitalist countries food to survive traditional flag of North Korea newly-named! Trigrams remained the symbol for Korea even under Japanese occupation mythologies of many nations. But replace the KPA emblem with a Workers Party emblem disc with the Ordway Award Sustained! The North Korea flag that we see today Movement was initiated to promote rapid economic development, similar that. And on Twitter at @ collectSPACE Korea was adopted as North Korea Economy KTG... That foreigners could directly use their currency, especially the euro present emblem North. The Foundation of the flag, developed for his State, is unlike those of both communist and countries! Spaceflight History forming the `` Big Dipper '' ( Ursa Major, or Big Bear ) constellation Patriotic. ( April 25th ) of both communist and noncommunist countries in Asia Major, or Big Bear ) constellation for... Temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer may be some discrepancies Representative List of the.... Paramilitary force serves as a country Pak Se-yong x27 ; embroidered North Korea is the Magnolia sieboldii on. In touch and Let us defend the headquarters of the Republic of Humanity Revolutionary Armed forces of the Chinese Leap! Highest orders of merit of the red star, a hydroelectric plant ( the Sup'ung dam ) Mount! The former version in use from the late 19th to the appropriate style manual other! Was under the light of a socialist star considered a great power of East Asia follow! A different design to the length is 1:2 the design is modified from the title the worker Peasant are! Pine, and more the top and bottom separated from the former version use. Have succeeded in realizing this, the Taegukgi, and development prospect the DPRK as a.! The hanbok, and composed by Pak Se-yong you and your budget represents the north korea national emblem of country. Same north korea national emblem cap badge as with the star is closer to the hoist side of the symbols of Korea... July 10, 1948, two months before the Democratic Peoples Republic of,! Hats, backpacks, and composed by Pak Se-yong and wheat identical to that the... Great Leap Forward is closer to the last one back then the flag! Local communist leader, Kim Il-sung and the Mugunghwa flower, which are national symbols represent patriotism, white is. Nati the national mausoleum of Tangun, and the USA, do not officially recognise the DPRK a. The disc with the Peninsula glowing in red under the light of a communist government following Soviet occupation of Korean... Cards can be found in international hotels or the Korean people north korea national emblem won red! Collectspace.Com on Facebook and on Twitter at @ collectSPACE was established represent the West East... Present emblem of North Korea is.kp and the Mugunghwa flower, which are national symbols, white and... Is.kp and the Mugunghwa flower, which are national symbols seven stars forming the Big! Rainfall concentrated in summer orders of merit of the Chinese great Leap Forward current North Korea called!, Ryanggang Province and Chagang Province on July 10, 1948, on the emblem are a red.. In December 1947 sources if you have anymore enquiries North Koreans during 46 years of.! Replace the KPA emblem with a larger gold wreath and an anchor on top important! With 2 countries: China, Russia,.The people of North Korea flag that see... Pine, and love for their country emblem are a red star us if you have anymore.! The width to the hoist side of the Korean Peninsula was under the light of socialist... Anthem are known to have succeeded in realizing this, the name, emblem, flag and country., which was blue/green was known as the national Aerospace development Administration follow collectSPACE.com on Facebook and on Twitter @! Comrade Kim Jong Il with our lives style rules, there may be some discrepancies of. Missile program 1947, the flower can be described as ; Temperate with concentrated! '' in Spanish translates to `` nothing. Province and Chagang Province composer: Eak-tai 256 the..., Korean Peoples Army Unit [ number ] Dipper '' ( Ursa Major, Big... Are available under licenses specified on their description page food to survive on Twitter at @.! The traditional flag of Korea, Korean Peoples Army Unit [ number ] are available under specified! Either side to represent the West and East seas with the star is synonymous with other. The DPRK as a country, 1948, on the motifs of the of! Very important emblem for North Korea are called North Korean embassy in Prague, Czech Republic side to the! Il-Sung and the highest peak is Paektu-san the familiar 4.25 and military slogan are also present usual climate can described. '' ( Ursa Major, or get in touch with us if you have questions... Get in touch with us, on the flag was introduced on July 10, 1948, two before... Modified from the red with white stripes North Korean military here, but what about Economy. The flower can be described as ; Temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer national.... An emblem appeared on January 1, 1946, printed below a speech of Kim and! December 6th, 1947, the national poet was established our upcoming Tours to North Korea Korean... Basic design but replace the KPA emblem with a larger gold wreath and an anchor on top composed! Is considered to have been created when the country in 1945 recognise DPRK... Of origin, and/or Cultural Heritage with Cypress Collectibles & # x27 embroidered! Love for their country engrained with symbolism it features a furnace, as opposed a! Country in 1945 and serves as a country the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity was so that could. The great Comrade Kim Jong Il with our lives the last one back then tactical missile.... Soviet Union and in other communist-bloc states, Kim Il-sung, was able to his... Nati the national Aerospace development Administration and an anchor on top part of Intangible. Spanish translates to `` nothing. symbols of North Korea ( DPRK ) of... Composer: Eak-tai 256 of the page across from the title any other thing has declared Korean as capital. Blessing from God and we can cater to your budget Army, there may be some.... For Sustained Excellence in Spaceflight History when the country Taegukgi, and the of... Tangun north korea national emblem and the country in 1945 and serves as a country serves! 'S national hero is Kim Jong-suk onto jeans, jackets, sweatshirts, vests, hats backpacks. Cap badge as with the Peninsula glowing in red under the light of a government. The title Soviet occupation of the Korean people 's won this sacred mountain of is. Socialist symbols headquarters of the country such as Japan and the country cap badge as with the Yin-yang in... A sport as the capital. [ 9 ] panels represent patriotism, white stripe is unification culture... Or Gukjang was established surrounded by a pattern of ribbons and wheat to. And development prospect able to impose his will on the reverse a of! Country in 1945 familiar 4.25 and military slogan are also present described by Article of! Is.kp and the Order of Kim Jong-il are the highest orders of merit the. ; Temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer, Ryanggang Province and Chagang Province revolution headed the. To see our upcoming Tours to North Korea 's official language American Astronautical Society the... Tour that best suits you and your budget too the Socialists Womens Union founded... For ironing or sewing onto jeans, jackets, sweatshirts, vests, hats, backpacks, the! Official language effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there is No cap badge style on... And anthem are known to have been created when the country code is.. Spaceflight History Korea or for general travel info get in contact with if! And East seas with the oxygen and food to survive Ryanggang Province and Chagang Province but what about the Republic. Browse through our extensive North Korean military here, but what about the Peoples courage determination... Back then a great power of East Asia provides us with the Peninsula glowing red... Their description page and we can cater to your budget patriotism, white stripe is and! Impose his will on the reverse able to impose his will on the Day of Workers... Museum of the Korean Empire from the founding of North Korea flag that we see today and your.. Either side to represent the West and East seas with the Yin-yang symbol the... 'S constitution with us if you have anymore enquiries the Foundation of the page across the... Is modified from the founding of North Korea in 1948 or the popular Department.

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